Disscuss the relevance of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to a Essay - 1

Disscuss the importance of the capital resource valuing model (CAPM) to an organization trying to assess its expense of capital - Essay Example The market hazard or precise hazard is the unavoidable hazard acquired by the economy wide risks (Brealy et al, 2005). The CAPM’s center is around the technique for estimating orderly hazard and its impact on the necessary return and offer costs. In spite of the fact that it was at first advanced for interest in value, it is likewise utilized for assessing organization interests in capital undertakings now (Davis and Pain, 2002). Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) endeavors to draw out a linkage among hazard and return for the benefits (Gitman,2006). The CAPM is based on the reason that all around broadened financial specialists command the securities exchange and their central concern being the market hazard. The supposition that is conceivable in a circumstance in which enormous organizations and little speculators can expand requiring little to no effort (Brealy et al, 2007). The CAPM expands on the recommendation that extra hazard requires a better yield. This arrival has two segments: (1) what might be earned on a hazard free resource, for example, a U.S. Treasury bill, in addition to (2) a premium for bearing danger. Since unsystematic hazard is diminished through broadening, a stock’s chance premium is the extra return required to hold up under the non-diversifiable, precise hazard related with the stock (Mayo 2007). The key contribution for the CAPM is in this way the overabundance return of the market over the hazard free rate, which is the market (value) chance premium. The training embraced normally has been to apply the authentic normal return over a significant stretch as a proportion of what financial specialists hope to acquire. As a substitute for the market portfolio, an expansive value showcase file is applied. Ke is the expense of value capital, Rf is the hazard free pace of return typically estimated by the pace of profit for US treasury protections, Rm is the market return of an enhanced portfolio and I is the Beta co-effective of the firm’s portfolio. The beta coefficient shows the instability of the stock comparative with that of a normal stock. On the off chance that it is 0.5, it is half as

Major Religions with Food Proscriptions free essay sample

Islam. To the Muslims, eating involves confidence for the individuals who adhere to the dietary laws called Halal, a expression for all allowed nourishments. Those nourishments that are restricted, for example, pork and winged creatures of prey, are known as Haram, while the food sources that are faulty for utilization are known as Mashbooh. Muslims eat to protect their great wellbeing, and overindulgence or the utilization of energizers, for example, tea, espresso, or liquor are debilitated. Fasting is rehearsed routinely on Mondays and Thursdays, and all the more frequently for six days during Shawwal (the tenth month of the Islamic year) and for the whole month of Ramadan (the ninth month). Fasting on these events incorporates abstention from all food and drink from dawn to nightfall. Ramadan In the Muslim confidence, the blessed month of Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic year and is dedicated to supplication, fasting, and good cause. Muslims accept that it was during this month that God initially started to uncover the blessed book of Islam, the Quran, to the prophet Muhammad. We will compose a custom article test on Significant Religions with Food Proscriptions or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Most Muslims are required to cease from food and drink during sunlight hours for the whole month. The quick is broken at night by a dinner called theâ iftar,â which generally incorporates dates and water or sweet beverages, and is continued again at dawn. Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five Pillars of Faith, which are the most significant strict obligations in Islam. The training is intended to help Muslims to remember poor people, to purify the body, and to encourage quietness and profound commitment. Ramadan closes with Eid al-Fitr, the Festival of Breaking the Fast. MALAYSIAN RELIGIONS, FOODS PRACTICES AND RESTRICTIONS, AND RATIONALE FOR BEHAVIOR Type of religion| Practice or restriction| Rationale| Buddhism| †¢ Refrain from meat, vegan diet is attractive †¢ Moderation in all nourishments †¢ Fasting required of monks| †¢ Natural food sources of the earth are viewed as most unadulterated †¢ Monks stay away from all strong food after noon| Hinduism| †¢ Beef denied †¢ All other meat and fish confined or evaded †¢ Alcohol kept away from †¢ Numerous fasting days| †¢ Cow is sacrosanct and cant be eaten, however results of the holy relic are unadulterated and alluring †¢ Fasting advances profound growth| Islam| †¢ Pork and certain feathered creatures disallowed †¢ Alcohol restricted †¢ Coffee/tea/energizers dodged †¢ Fasting from all food and drink during explicit periods| †¢ Eating is for acceptable wellbeing †¢ Failure to eat accurately limits otherworldly mindfulness †¢ Fasting has a purging impact of wickedness elements| Nutritionâ is thesupply, toâ cellsâ andâ organisms as food to suppor tâ life. Numerous regular medical issues can be forestalled with aâ healthy diet. Theâ dietâ of a life form is the thing that it eats, which is to a great extent dictated by the perceivedâ palatabilityâ of nourishments. A horrible eating routine may injuriously affect wellbeing, causing insufficiency ailments such asâ scurvy[2]â andâ kwashiorkor;[3]â health-undermining conditions likeâ obesity[4][5]â andâ metabolic syndrome;[6]â and such basic interminable foundational infections asâ cardiovascular disease,[7][8]diabetes,[9][10]â andâ osteoporosis. [11][12][13]

Disengagement Theory of Aging A Critical Essay

Disengagement Theory of Aging A Critical Essay An Overview and Critique of Social Disengagement Theory There are many sociological theories that focus on the discussion of the changing roles, statuses, and relationships that accompany the process of aging and their impact on the older person’s ability to adapt. Here I am going to discuss one of the earliest and most controversial social theories of aging â€" disengagement theory that describes the process of aging as the disengagement. The theory gives disengagement definition as a process of gradual withdrawal of older people from society. The disengagement theory of aging suggests that it’s quite common and acceptable that older adults withdraw or disengage from social roles and their personal relationships as they grow old. This process is applicable to elderly people in all cultures. The theory suggests that the society recognizes that the elder people will soon die and that the society has to prepare to live and work in their absence. As a functional theory, it argues that the disengagement process is necessary and beneficial to the society because it ensures that the social system can remain stable and ordered. The theory overview Disengagement theory was developed by sociologists Elaine Cumming and Warren Earl Henry in their book Growing Old in 1961. In the book, Cumming and Henry present a logical argument on the causes that make older adults disengage from society. The scientists based their theory on a study conducted at the Chicago University and on data from a longitudinal research â€" the Kansas City Study of Adult Life that studied hundreds of adults from middle to old age. The disengagement theory gives a systematic discussion of the process of aging and describes the evolution of the elderly people social lives. The sociologists organize their argument around nine postulates that make it clear why it is reasonable for aging individuals who are aware that death is coming nearer and who have experienced deaths of their aging friends to start to expect their own deaths and disengage. The theory starts with a key idea that everyone is aware that he will die and that all people expect that their personal abilities are likely to weaken over time. As those abilities deteriorate, an aging person begins to disengage from personal and social contacts and loses touch with social norms that determine the interaction. Narrowing of a person’s social circles fuels the process of disengagement. As a result, the aging person gradually disconnects from existing social roles and responsibilities and does not take up any new ones. The process of social disengagement is influenced by an aging individual and the society. Aging people lose knowledge and skills and eventually they will not be able to meet society’s requirements for their social roles. As these changes develop, the elderly people are prompted to disengage from their responsibilities. On the other hand, the structure of society may require an elderly individual to disengage. The theory states that elderly people are ready to disengage from their roles when they lose their ego energy. The society allows the disengagement taking into account the degree to which older people are needed and considering their abilities to fulfill their social roles. According to the social disengagement theory, disengagement process differs between men and women because each gender has different social roles in society. Criticism The disengagement theory has always been strongly criticized. Most criticism challenges Cumming and Henry’s assumptions that individual’s withdrawal from society is inevitable, natural or beneficial. Many critics argue that social withdrawal of an aging person is voluntary and say that similar social disengagement can occur at any stage of a person’s life because of external factors that cannot be easily explained. Besides, social disengagement theory does not take into account a very important fact that changing economic or health conditions may influence the process of social withdrawal to say nothing of such serious mental conditions as Alzheimer’s syndrome. Some critics claim that social withdrawal does not have to be inevitable, and others point out that this process cannot be considered as culturally universal. According to social disengagement theory, its postulates are not influenced by culture but actually, the culture defines the forms that postulates may take. Conclusion Disengagement theory has no research base and lacks empirical support. Besides, many older people want to remain occupied and be involved in the life of the society. The theory has been rejected by gerontologists and social sciences because it fails to take into account many important factors. It was the first social theory of aging in modern science and being controversially received, it influenced the further development of research in social sciences and promoted the appearance of different theories about elderly people, their roles in society, and their social relationships.

Properties and Functions of Money

Money is an important feature of virtually every economy. Without money, members of a society must rely on the barter system, or some other exchange program, in order to trade goods and services. Unfortunately, the barter system has an important downside in that it requires a double coincidence of wants. In other words, the two parties engaged in a trade must both want what the other is offering. This feature makes the barter system highly inefficient. For example, a plumber looking to feed his family would have to search out a farmer who needs plumbing work done on his house or farm. If such a farmer were not available, the plumber would have to figure out how to trade his services for something that the farmer wanted so that the farmer would be willing to sell food to the plumber. Luckily, money largely solves this problem. What Is Money? In order to understand much of macroeconomics, its crucial to have a clear definition of what money is. In general, people tend to use the term money as a synonym for wealth (e.g. Warren Buffett has a lot of money), but economists are quick to clarify that the two terms are not, in fact, synonymous. In economics, the term money is used specifically to refer to currency, which is, in most cases, not an individuals only source of wealth or assets. In most economies, this currency is in the form of paper bills and metal coins that the government has created, but technically anything can serve as money as long as it possesses three important properties. The Properties and Functions of Money The item serves as a medium of exchange. In order for an item to be considered money, it must be widely accepted as payment for goods and services. In this way, money creates efficiency because it eliminates uncertainty regarding what is going to be accepted as payment by various businesses.The item serves as a unit of account. In order for an item to be considered money, it must be the unit that prices, bank balances, etc. are reported in. Having a consistent unit of account creates efficiency since it would be pretty confusing to have the price of bread quoted as a number of fish, the price of fish quoted in terms of t-shirts, and so on.The item serves as a store of value. In order for an item to be considered money, it has to (to a reasonable degree) hold its purchasing power over time. This feature of money adds to efficiency because it gives producers and consumers flexibility in the timing of purchases and sales, eliminating the need to immediately trade ones income for goods a nd services. As these properties suggest, money was introduced to societies as a means of making economic transactions simpler and more efficient, and it mostly succeeds in that regard. In some situations, items other than officially designated currency have been used as money in various economies. For example, it used to be somewhat common in countries with unstable governments (and also in prisons) to use cigarettes as money, even though there was no official decree that cigarettes served that function. Instead, they became widely accepted as payment for goods and services and prices began to be quoted in the number of cigarettes rather than in official currency. Because cigarettes have a reasonably long shelf life, they do in fact serve the three functions of money. One important distinction between items that are officially designated as money by a government and items that become money by convention or popular decree is that governments will often pass laws stating what citizens can and cannot do with money. For example, it is illegal in the United States to do anything to money that makes the money unable to be further used as money. In contrast, there are no laws against burning cigarettes, aside from those banning smoking in public places of course.

Profile of Serial Killer Richard Angelo

Richard Angelo was 26 years old when he went to work at Good Samaritan Hospital on Long Island in New York. He had a background of doing good things for people as a former Eagle Scout and volunteer fireman. He also had an out-of-control desire to be recognized as a hero. Background and Early Life Born on August 29, 1962, in West Islip, New York, Richard Angelo was the only child of  Joseph and Alice Angelo. The Angelos worked in  the educational sector - Joseph was a high school guidance counselor and Alice taught home economics. Richards childhood years were unremarkable. Neighbors described him as a nice boy with nice parents. After graduating in 1980 from St. John the Baptist Catholic High School, Angelo attended the State University of Stony Brook for two years. He was then accepted into a two-year nursing program at the State University at Farmingdale. Described as a quiet student who kept to himself, Angelo excelled in his studies and made the deans honor list each semester. He graduated in good standing in 1985. First Hospital Job Angelos first job as a registered nurse was in the burn unit at the Nassau County Medical Center in East Meadow. He stayed there a year, then took a position at Brunswick Hospital in Amityville, Long Island. He left that position to move to Florida with his parents, but returned to Long Island alone, three months later, and began working at Good Samaritan Hospital. Playing Hero Richard Angelo quickly established himself as a highly competent and well-trained nurse. His calm demeanor was well fitted for the high stress of working the graveyard shift in an intensive care unit. He gained the trust of the doctors and other hospital personnel, but that wasnt enough for him. Unable to achieve the level of praise he desired in life, Angelo came up with a plan where he would inject drugs into patients at the hospital, bringing them to a near-death state. He would then show his heroic capabilities by helping to save his victims, impressing the doctors, co-workers and the patients with his expertise. For many, Angelos plan fell deathly short, and several patients died before he was able to intervene and save them from his deadly injections. Working from 11 pm to 7 am put Angelo into the perfect position to continue to work on his feeling of inadequacy, so much so that during his relatively short time at the Good Samaritan, there were 37 Code-Blue emergencies during his shift. Only 12 of the 37 patients lived to talk about their near death experience. Something to Feel Better Angelo, apparently not swayed by his inability to keep his victims alive, continued injecting patients with a combination of the paralyzing drugs, Pavulon and Anectine, sometimes telling the patient that he was giving them something which would make them feel better. Soon after administering the deadly cocktail, the patients would begin to feel numb and their breathing would become constricted as did their ability to communicate to nurses and doctors. Few could survive the deadly attack. Then on October 11, 1987, Angelo came under suspicion after one of his victims, Gerolamo Kucich, managed to use the call button for assistance after receiving an injection from Angelo. One of the nurses responding to his call for help took a urine sample and had it analyzed. The test proved positive for containing the drugs, Pavulon and Anectine, neither of which had been prescribed to Kucich. The following day Angelos locker and home were searched and police found vials of both drugs and Angelo was arrested. The bodies of several of the suspected victims were exhumed and tested for the deadly drugs. The test proved positive for the drugs on ten of the dead patients. Taped Confession Angelo eventually confessed to authorities, telling them during a taped interview, I wanted to create a situation where I would cause the patient to have some respiratory distress or some problem, and through my intervention or suggested intervention or whatever, come out looking like I knew what I was doing. I had no confidence in myself. I felt very inadequate. He was charged with multiple counts of second-degree murder. Multiple Personalities? His lawyers fought to prove that Angelo suffered from dissociative identity disorder, which meant he was able to disassociate himself completely from the crimes he committed and was unable to realize the risk of what he had done to the patients. In other words, he had multiple personalities which he could move in and out of, unaware of the actions of the other personality. The lawyers fought to prove this theory by introducing polygraph exams which Angelo had passed during questioning about the murdered patients, however, the judge did not allow the polygraph evidence into the court. Sentenced to 61 Years Angelo was convicted of two counts of depraved indifference murder (second-degree murder), one count of second-degree manslaughter, one count of criminally negligent homicide and six counts of assault with respect to five of the patients and was sentenced to 61 years to life.

Bank of America Business Analysis Free Essays

Bank of America is one of the world’s largest financial institutions, serving individual consumers, small and middle sized market businesses and large corporations with a vast array of products and services. From multi-million dollar loans to thousands of ATM’s throughout the United States and overseas, Bank of America is among the world’s leading wealth management companies’ and is a global leader in corporate business. Bank of America Business Capital provides asset-based credit facilities of $10 million or more throughout the United States, Canada and Europe for manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and service businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Bank of America Business Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bank of America is currently listed as number 5 on the Fortune Global 500 annual ranking of America’s largest corporations. However, they did not place within the top 100 of fortune 500 companies to work for in 2009 (CNN. com money magazine, 2009). Bank of America operates in more than 10 countries including regions in Europe, Asia, and Central and South America. With operations in such a wide range of selected countries Bank of America (BOA) has to deal with differing legal and cultural aspects which can relate to the amount of risk the management is willing to accept. This risk includes what is called systematic political risk. â€Å"As a rule, a country’s political processes do not treat foreign operations unfairly. If they did, few companies would hazard the investment† (Daniels et. al, p. 105, 2011). The differing market and legal systems, ranging from common law to theocratic law and a mixed system, etc could make room for trouble for BOA’s international business if the interpretation of the laws are not the same. Similarly, economic risk is the likelihood that certain events or changes in the economic status or a company or will cause drastic changes adversely affecting profits and other goals. The ability to measure and understand risk and determining which risk is acceptable is a key factor of success with any international business venture. This along with political risk will have to be managed forecasted effectively to judge the outcome of any changes to governmental, import, or export changes as they could affect the profits and or losses which could ultimately affect a company’s ability to repay a loan that was granted by BOA. Although the 2011 CFO Outlook reports that â€Å"U. S. companies overall are highly involved in foreign markets and are forecasting international sales growth in 2011† (2011 CFO Outlook), if I were a political consultant for BOA, I would highly caution them with respect to venturing into a country where they are not willing to accept our form of economic feasibility or where the GDP does not represent strength as it relates to longevity within the economy. It would be far too difficult to influence change within an entire culture just to add breadth to the organization. Furthermore, without the ability to measure and understand the end state of a cultural shift, the foreign business opportunity may be at risk of unacceptable losses especially where healthcare costs and costs of materials are concerned (2001 CFO Outlook). Bank of America is changing because its customers are changing. In the 2009 Financial Report Brian T. Moynihan, Chief Executive Officer and President of BOA said â€Å"There is nothing more important to our more than 280,000 Bank of America teammates and me than our belief that there’s a right way to do business — an approach that balances our responsibilities to all our stakeholders. This belief has guided our efforts as we’ve worked to help customers, clients and communities ride out the economic storm. † He also went on to say that the most pressing need is the overhaul of loan modifications. The pressing need for this is â€Å"to help families and businesses manage their monthly cash flow to get through the crisis. † However, BOA is making strides ahead of some of the other financial institutions. They repaid the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in December of 2009 although they reported a net loss applicable to common shareholders of $2. 2 billion (BOA 2009 Financial Report). This has proved to work fine for common law states but it would prove to be much more difficult in civil law or a mixed system and just about impossible in theocratic law system. BOA has a code of conduct or ethics as they call it as a significant part of their processes used to manage risk. They train their associates to mitigate risk and set high standards for their associates. This provides a framework for the associates to conduct themselves with the highest integrity in delivering products or services to their customers. â€Å"We instill a risk-conscious culture through communications, training, policies, procedures, and organizational roles and responsibilities. Additionally, we continue to strengthen the linkage between the associate performance management process and individual compensation to encourage associates to work toward enterprise-wide risk goals. † (Brian T. Moynihan, BOA 2009 Financial Report). This is vitally important for the company to extend these ethics to the workforce overseas as the importation and adoption of the headquarters mindset will ensure that host nation workers will also adhere to the higher standards associated with conducting business with BOA. It is just a good business practice to ensure that wherever you operate, you share the same vision that will foster success and continued best practices. Although I did not find any social programs during my research on BOA, I did notice when I was in Panama that they have Panamanian and American workers employed. I would presume to say that, just as in any working environment the management would establish some sort of informal program amongst its workers. And seeing how BOA strives with its code of ethics this could be not far from the truth as bonds are made as the people work together daily. In conclusion, BOA has done quite well for themselves and that is directly attributed to the high standard set by the corporate office and CEO Brian T. Moynihan. As one of the world banking leaders it would do them well to continue to look toward the future of expanding and exploring other joint ventures locally and internationally. They would do well to guide their investment strategy and actions by monitoring the consumer deposits, credit card services, and investment management as an indicator of the overall economic status and potential growth of their joint ventures. References http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html How to cite Bank of America Business Analysis, Essay examples

A Journy for Undying Love Essay Sample free essay sample

Love is a strong force in the Christian religion. Such a love can take a individual to demo the deathless love for person by get the better ofing any obstruction presented in forepart of them. This love will steer a individual to travel above and beyond to turn out that anything will be done for the 1 that individual loves. Love as a Christian subject in Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† . is shown through the love a grandma has for her grandson. God has shown in the Christian religion his deathless love for his people by giving his lone boy. In â€Å"A Worn Path† . Phoenix besides shows the same deathless love for her grandson by get the better ofing many obstructions of tests and life. Welty brings the deathless love to life by finding. ability to get the better of challenges. and charity of others. Phoenix selfless undying love for her grandson gives her the finding to get the better of some hard challenges along the manner. We will write a custom essay sample on A Journy for Undying Love Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Welty paints a image of an older black adult female that has overcome bondage. go delicate in her age. but still sets out on a journey down the worn way to recover some medical specialty for her ill grandson. The journey in itself brings many obstructions. but the finding to salvage her grandson will predominate over anything that will come into count with Phoenix. Determination plays a portion of how Phoenix pushes herself to the bound in order for the one individual in her life that she could non conceive of being without. Welty took the Christian religion of how faith in God’s love will assist a individual overcome life’s journey. In Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† . Phoenix’s religion will give her the strength to hold the finding of non giving up through the long walk. tests of nature. and even the judgement of her colour. The journey of life’s tests through the Christian thought is said that God will non set more on a individual than they can manage. Even through the adversities Phoenix faced. Welty used this thought to demo with finding and religion anything can be achieved. Phoenix’s ain finding to make her end was a lesson to demo how o f import it can be to neer give up. The obstructions that was brought earlier Phoenix showed that for the love of another she had the ability to get the better of those challenges. Phoenix encounters a autumn that would look to decelerate her down. but inquiring for the aid of another still did non do it look as though she would non get the better of the obstruction. Phoenix came from an epoch of racism. So. inquiring for the aid of a white huntsman likely would hold been hard if love for her grandson’s life was non the chief aim. Welty used the challenge of racism as another obstruction through the battles Phoenix would hold to get the better of. Christian religion Teachs non to take judgement on others. Even with the statements of some people. Phoenix neer let it take her head off the chief aim of acquiring the medical specialty for her grandson. After get the better ofing the obstruction class of the journey. Phoenix is still left with the challenge of acquiring the medical specialty. With Phoenix being old. black. and a adult female regard is non a giving thing. She still overcomes this obstruction with the idea of how of import her grandson and household are to her life. Get the better ofing the freeze winter conditions. the disrespectful remarks. and the journey. Phoenix successfully retrieved what she set out to recover. Love gave Phoenix the strength to get the better of what looked to be impossible. Welty set the narrative back in the season of Christmas. In Christian religion. Christmas is a clip to give to others than receive. do have others than have done. and charity. Christmas to Christian is the clip to observe the birth of the Savior. â€Å"A Worn Path† uses the clip of Christmas to demo the charity of others that was given to Phoenix. Even though Phoenix took a Ni from the huntsman after it was dropped out of his pocket. the huntsman overlooks this by sing her as a charity instance. As did the attender in the doctor’s office. Phoenix was given a Ni as an act of the Christmas giving season. Phoenix is known as a charity instance to the doctor’s office. because the physician would give the medical specialty every bit long as she would do the journey to come acquire it. Charity is a portion of the religion of a Christian. God has told to give unto others in poorness. Since Phoenix was an Afro-american in this epoch. charity was thought as a gesture. After acquiring the two Nis. Phoenix’s selfless act was shown when she bought a Christmas gift for her grandson. Phoenix showed her journey was merely for the deathless lov e she had for person other than herself. In God’s eyes. Christian beliefs are that love is the greatest. Welty took the Christian belief and showed it through a love one grandma had for her grandson. The Christian subject of love that Welty shows in â€Å"A Worn Path† . gives non merely the thought of a spiritual mentality. but leads the reader to a moral lesson of love can suppress the unthinkable. With the selfless act of the grandma. Welty showed through love the finding to digest hurting. selflessness. and challenges were simply a life lesson of how powerful religion in God did see the result of life. Welty had the ability to utilize a person’s experience and emotion and organize a fictional narrative to convey readers the importance of life. life battles. and life journeys with the deathless love of a Christian subject. Welty’s character gave the life lesson of merely how certain waies will take to adversities. but love will win through finding. The reader can see merely how anyone with love for another can get the better of any mountain or obstruction that cou ld â€Å"A Worn Path† tells a reader to look at strength of love can keep life alternatively of decease. It besides shows how the simple act of giving can convey by the significance of life. Everyone in life will take a way. Whether it be â€Å"a worn path† or â€Å"a way less taken† . one simple act of love can alter the result of what will lie in front. God took that simple act of love when his boy was sacrificed for the full universe. Phoenix in the narrative took the simple act of love besides. in order to see that life would travel on through her grandson. She showed that love for her grandson helped her accomplish the end. She used her finding to get the better of the impossible. She humbles herself to have the charity of others to give life to her grandson. Welty’s narrative in itself seemed to non merely reflect the Christian subject of love. but to give an thought of the significance of life through religion. The religion of go oning on through life’s battles to holding an deathless love. whichever manner a reader sees the moral result it is shown one thing in deepness that love is a powerful emotion. Undying love is the truth that inspires a individual to travel to the extreme of decease so that the love will maintain that individual alive.

All Our Relations essays

All Our Relations essays In Winona LaDukes, All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life documents the historic pillaging and exploitation of Native Americans then and today. LaDukes inspirational voice to native peoples resistance to environmental devastation is uncanny. In this book, the use of updated detailed maps and native pictures help frame each chapter vividly. The book consists of 10 chapters detailing in environmental, spiritual and human conditions, and the struggles of indigenous peoples from Awkwesasne to Hawaii. LaDuke's introduction prompts the reader that over the last 150 the earth has witnessed the largest extinction of species since the Ice Age as well as the loss of more than 2,000 nations of native peoples in the Western Hemisphere. She gives evidence that cultural diversity helps to ensure biodiversity. Where indigenous people maintain their traditions one can often find an enclave of biodiversity. This is one of the unifying themes of the book. LaDuke ends the chapter with the description of a ceremony and the determination of native peoples to continue their commitment to the land and the people of the land. Although, the setting begins with the tone of depression, the book goes on to achieve parallels amongst certain tribes across the earth for hope and sanctuary. The first chapter, in All Our Relations presents a brief history of the Mohawk legacy in the Great Lakes region and contrasts it with the industrial pollution of Akwesasne that has led to PCB contamination of mothers' milk. The book details the work of Katsi Cook and others analyzing their food chain and ultimately forcing General Motors to clean up its contamination of the Great Lakes region. LaDuke asserts, In October 1983, after 25 years of dumping toxics, General Motors was fine $507,000 by the EPA for unlawful disposal...2 ...

Free Essays on Computer Hacking

The textbook, Management of Information Technology, defines the information super highway as, â€Å"An installed intelligent workstation for office and professional workers in most organizations to connect via the local area network (LAN) or to other nets or to large computer data stores through servers that function as message-switching and message processing systems.† (Frenzel, 1999, p.14). The books continues and identifies a subject by the name of Kevin Mitnick who was arrested on February 15, 1995, for sleuthing on the information highway. This paper will portray the events leading up to the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Mitnick, 31, described by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, (FBI), as the â€Å"Nations Most Wanted Computer Hacker†, was arrested in his home on February 15, 1995. Mitnick, as described by Forbes Magazine is, â€Å"A recreational hacker with a compulsive-obsessive relationship to information. He hoarded information, never sold it, and wouldnâ€⠄¢t even share it with his friends.†(published in 1999). What lead up to the arrest and incarceration of Mitnick is described below. Kevin David Mitnick was cyberspace's most wanted hacker. Mitnick could launch missiles or cripple the world's financial markets with a single phone call - or so went the myth. The FBI, phone companies, bounty hunters, even fellow hackers pursued him over the Internet and through cellular airways. Tsutomo Shimomura, a computational physicist was on vacation when he discovered that someone infiltrated the computers near San Diego, California, and stole several intelligence files. Shimomura became even more involved with the case when the infiltrator tapped into Shimomura’s voice mail system and left him a computer-altered message. Companies. â€Å"The attack clearly infuriated the wrong person.† (Frenzel, 199, p.441). Throughout the month of January 1995 and into February 1995, Shimomura and his team of â€Å"computer sleuths† monitored the hackers eve... Free Essays on Computer Hacking Free Essays on Computer Hacking The textbook, Management of Information Technology, defines the information super highway as, â€Å"An installed intelligent workstation for office and professional workers in most organizations to connect via the local area network (LAN) or to other nets or to large computer data stores through servers that function as message-switching and message processing systems.† (Frenzel, 1999, p.14). The books continues and identifies a subject by the name of Kevin Mitnick who was arrested on February 15, 1995, for sleuthing on the information highway. This paper will portray the events leading up to the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Mitnick, 31, described by the Federal Bureau of Investigations, (FBI), as the â€Å"Nations Most Wanted Computer Hacker†, was arrested in his home on February 15, 1995. Mitnick, as described by Forbes Magazine is, â€Å"A recreational hacker with a compulsive-obsessive relationship to information. He hoarded information, never sold it, and wouldnâ€⠄¢t even share it with his friends.†(published in 1999). What lead up to the arrest and incarceration of Mitnick is described below. Kevin David Mitnick was cyberspace's most wanted hacker. Mitnick could launch missiles or cripple the world's financial markets with a single phone call - or so went the myth. The FBI, phone companies, bounty hunters, even fellow hackers pursued him over the Internet and through cellular airways. Tsutomo Shimomura, a computational physicist was on vacation when he discovered that someone infiltrated the computers near San Diego, California, and stole several intelligence files. Shimomura became even more involved with the case when the infiltrator tapped into Shimomura’s voice mail system and left him a computer-altered message. Companies. â€Å"The attack clearly infuriated the wrong person.† (Frenzel, 199, p.441). Throughout the month of January 1995 and into February 1995, Shimomura and his team of â€Å"computer sleuths† monitored the hackers eve... Free Essays on Computer Hacking Computer hacking is a very major crime in today’s world. It takes a large amount of intelligence and dedication to be a hacker. Not just anyone can store thousands of commands and codes in their head. Because these hackers are so intelligent it makes them even more dangerous. Dangerous to the point where if they wanted to they could probably wipe you off the face of the earth. Maybe not literally, but defiantly in the computers. The reason hackers are such a concern today more than ever, is that now a days everything is run by computers. EVERYTHING!! Kevin Mitnick, a hacker who has yet to have a harsh punishment when caught, can somehow lower his punishment for his hacking crimes down to a couple months probation. When Kevin was seventeen, he was caught for breaking into a phone center in Los Angeles. He was tried and sentenced to three months stay in a juvenile detention center and one year probation. Kevin is a very intelligent man. He could use his computer skills in a good way by stopping other hackers, but he didn't, so he faced the law many times. In all those times, he never spent more than a year in prison (Shimomura 1). Kevin was also a â€Å"Phreak†; a phone freak. He studied the phone system. He soon knew how to make free phone calls from payphones and how to crash a system. Kevin Mitnick has yet to be harshly punished for these crimes, which are very numerous (Shimomura 1). Another major player in the hacking industry is an unidentified man, identified by his pseudonym, or nickname, Deth Vegetable. His group of hackers, Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc), is one of the oldest hacker organizations still in effect today. He is the leader and founder of (Cult of the Dead Cow). Cult of the Dead Cow is a leading group in the hacking industry; another leader that has fun with what they do. (Sullivan 1). They are a notorious group of hackers who have a couple problems; one of which is drugs. At a convention that the cDc holds fo...

Prison Life and Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prison Life and Strategies - Research Paper Example Thus, it was far crueler then it is now. Male and female prisoners are typically kept separate locations. The security of the prison is kept high alert and the prisoners are divided into categories regarding their security as some criminals are very dangerous to others. There can be four special types of prisons, else than the typical one: There are many problems and consequences that are related to the prison and the prisoners that would be discussed in the paper. Prison is the last solution to the criminal the justice systems have. But it comes with a lot of drawbacks and weaknesses. It is a disturbing way of making people live forcefully thus; some accept it as a punishment but many with negative attitude dominance take it negatively and do not stop the violence. Even within the prison criminal rebel and are difficult to handle. The Federal Bureau of Prisons (2012) has devised and formulated different plans and strategies that are being implemented in the prisons like giving a normal surrounding healthy to the prisoners, thus not making them offended and giving them a proper treatment and treating them normally, the way citizens are treated. The criminal justice system has been interpreted and amended numerous times over 200 years. With the changes occurring by the time they need to improve criminal justice system is evident. Prison in the US justice system is an awful condition where one loses their freedom. Nevertheless, there is no other mean to protect the normal citizens of the society from the violence creating citizens who murder, rape, assault or rob other people. Therefore prison is an important need to protect the society to lead a peaceful existence. It is also to be assured that prisons are only used as the last resort against the people who threaten the lives and well being of others.

Marketing Strategy WH Smith Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Marketing Strategy WH Smith Case Study - Essay Example WH Smith (WHS) was established in 1792 and went public in 1949. The retail division presently operates 542 retail stores and 127 travel stores across the country. In addition, the division operates e-retailing business through the website. The news division of WHS is UK’s largest wholesaler of newspaper and magazines. The company’s key product portfolio includes books, stationery, travel guides, greeting cards and gift packaging, art materials, entertainment products such as music and video CD’s, DVD’s, computer games and confectionery. The company derives a majority of its revenues from the UK, having divested itself of the Asia-pacific arm.Major competitors that need to be considered, looking at the diverse range of products offered, may be identified as Amazon.com, Borders Group, Barnes & Noble, Bertelsmann, Lagardere, HMV, Virgin, Woolworths, Asda, Tesco and a number of specialist small retailers.The most obvious strength of the company is its 542 reta il outlets on every high-street in the country and 127 travel stores at railway stations and airports, allowing the company to reach a wide customer base – 70% of the British public visit a WHS store at least once every year!Travel Retail is a strong performer within the retail division and recorded growth rates of 3% in revenue (Â £311 million) and an increase of 24 % in its profits in 2005 compared with the previous year. While passenger growth at airports was 2%, the sales at airport outlets grew by 7%. (Datamonitor, 2006). Distribution: WH Smith News has 47 distribution centres across the UK and delivers up to 50 million newspapers and magazines every week. All distribution centres employ state-of-the-art technology, such as 'Pick and Pack' machinery, to help to improve customer service and reduce costs. I.T. Systems: The company is in an excellent position to exploit the cutting edge Information Technology

UK Cheese Market Analysis

UK Cheese Market Analysis Assignment about The Cheese and its Determining Factors on the Market Executive Summary Economy in the real world is not just a subject in the university, but the major basic of a modern day business. â€Å"The large set of inter-related economic production and consumption activities which aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated.† (Investopedia.com, 2014) The report describes the cheese market in the United Kingdom. Highlight the relationship between wine and its compliment, the cheese and how the actual market responsive to economical changes, such as demand, supply, elasticity and equilibrium. Table of Contents Introduction.4 Main Body5 1.The aspects which influencing the amount of cheese..5 2. About Elasticity and Inelastic6 3. About Equilibrium.7 4. Example for the cheese` prise changing..8 5. Recently used marketing strategy..9 Conclusion..10 Bibliography.11 Introduction This report created by the Author –Mr. Istvan Csuha– on the request of Northampton University on the behalf of its subsidiary the London School of Business and Management and their lecturers in respect Prof. Bruce Johnson to clarify the position of the cheese market in the United Kingdom, the key economic factors which influences marketers and consumers in the decision making process. Main Body The aspects which influencing the amount of cheese The aspects influencing the amount of cheese that shoppers request can be categorised four main parts (Begg, D. & Ward, D., 2007, P.26-32), such as: Costs of surrogates: relates to researches (Fitday.com. 2013). there are some options to alternate cheese, but the prices of those merchandises is higher and do not give back the same taste, as cheese, therefore only a small amount of clients will leave â€Å"the cheesy side†. Salary of the clients: an investment banker demand is completely different, then a street cleaner and one of the key motivator is what they can afford; ASDA have been closely monitored and the finding is, individuals can purchase cheese products from  £2 up to  £20, therefore cheese products widely accessible to everyone (ASDA.com. 2014). Various flavours: Every single human being different from the other, so as their tastes and conclusion of that, they required different products. Value: is the product worth the sum of money what the retailer asking for it; if the answer is yes, then highly possible the quantity demanded by a consumer is higher. About Elasticity and Inelastic The characteristics of the magnitude of cheese that manufacturers and retailers supply is strongly related to the previous part of the report, but a new economic term has to be considered, Elasticity: â€Å"Price elasticity of supply measures the relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price.† (Tutor2u.net. 2014). There are Inelastic is the modification in the price indicates a proportionately minor modification in the quantity required. (Begg, D. & Ward, D. 2007, P.35) Elastic is the modification in the price indicates considerable larger modification in demand. (ibid, P. 32-35) There is another very important factor what every supplier have to consider regarding the amounts need to supply and is called a well-known PESTEL analysis -macro-environmental aspects, what a supplier cannot change, only can adapt to them. Assuming there are alterations in the purchasers â€Å"tongs†: Consumer demand decreasing= retailer profit decreasing also. Overcome on that retailers has to start manufacturing products, therefore they have to enter a new segment of the market. Avoid failure Porters five forces advisable to considered, -designed to evaluate the possibilities of the company upon entering to a new market and/or segment. Assuming there are modifications in the manufacturers technology, -that is a technological factor from the mentioned PESTEL analysis-: In that occasion the retailer or the consumer only can adapt to that factor, in that case keep purchasing products, but less quantity (if the technology is not as cost-effective anymore, therefore the price of the product rising too), or find a substitute (either retailer or substitute product). Therefore price elasticity applied. About Equilibrium Equilibrium of â€Å"cheese market wise†, when the manufacturer selling the product for the price, what a retailer is demanded, or the distributor selling the merchandise for the price, what a consumer demanded. (ibid, P.76) According to worldwide known economists and authors of many books the forces that drive the market in the direction of its equilibrium are: The connection between the alteration of need and supply and prices: if the need of cheese products rising, supply has to follow, then retailers raise their prices too, therefore the equilibrium will balanced again. Need for cheeses falling, then traders have to reduce their activity, therefore prices will fall too. That is the optimal market scenario. (ibid, P.88) Example for the cheese` prise changing Assumption: a hypothetical situation, when the price of wine increases. First we have to clarify the right questions. The author of these report was that fortunate, came from the family which have long-lasting history –and himself spent over ten years as well- in the Hospitality and Catering Industry; worked from kitchen porter through sommelier assistant to night manager in various countries and several high-end catering event as well (for example: wine-waiter at the House of Parliament in Hungary), therefore to clarify and answer this questions was his table. Why wine and cheese related to each other? How the supply of wine and cheese will change? How the needs of wine and cheese will change? Will the prices of cheese change? Are the amount of cheese and wine supplied and demanded will change? The answers are the following: Many countries –especially the ones with long-lasting histories and more mature cuisine i.e.: France and the United Kingdom- use cheese, as a substitute of desserts, also another reason possibly, because the weather colder than for example Italy and Spain. Those countries, consuming mostly wine for/and throughout the meal, if their choice for the dessert is any sweet, -such as ice cream or crà ¨me bulee-, they choose a light and sweet liquor, or a dessert-wine; but when they choose cheese, then the wine has to be semi-dry, or dry light white-wine. When the price of wine increasing, in the short term the supply will be the same, until marketer realise the equilibrium turned into a disequilibrium –at this occasion the proper term is surplus, when the supply of goods greater than its demands-, and they want to balance again; therefore marketers reducing supplies. The needs of cheese and wine at the event of the price of the wine increase can be: The increase of the price will be minor, therefore only small amount of purchaser decide to discontinue consuming those products, therefore inelasticity occur. When the needs of cheese and wine reactive to the price change, then â€Å"massive† amount of purchasers decide to discontinue purchasing products= elasticity occurs. The price of the cheese can be reactive to the wine price (elastic), or non-reactive (inelastic). When: The quantity of demand reactive to the price change: yes= elasticity; The amount of need non-reactive: no= inelasticity; Marketers want to balance the equilibrium, yes, when the demand decreases, the quantity of supply has to follow, therefore the price will change to; when equilibrium reached, demand is increasing, supply increasing, prices increasing. 5. Recently used marketing strategy Companies nowadays like to use a new marketing strategy. Organisations evaluate the demand and the quantity of demand, they producing less quantity of product, therefore artificially create shortage and they can raise the prices too, i.e.: entry-tickets for pop-concerts. (ibid, P.85-86) Conclusion The report found the cheese market very responsive for price changes, which is depending on various factors. Found also the definition of economy; clearly concluded the meaning / variations of elasticity, moreover described the definition of equilibrium. Bibliography ASDA.com. (2014). Asda Groceries. Available: http://groceries.asda.com/asda-webstore/landing/home.shtml?cmpid=ahc-_-ghs-sna1-_-asdacom-dsk-_-hp#search/cheese/7/price_asc. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p26-p32. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p32-p35. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p76. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.p85-86. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p88. Fitday.com. (2013). Substitutions for Cheese. Available: http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/substitutions-for-cheese.html. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Investopedia.com. (2014). Definition of Economy. Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Tutor2u.net. (2014). Elasticity of Supply. Available: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/elasticity/elasticity_of_supply.htm. Last accessed 11.12.2014. LON 15403546Mr. Istvà ¡n Csuha

Profile of Coca Cola Ghana Essay

The Coca Cola Bottling Company was first established in 1886 by Dr. John Styth Pemberton in the United States of America (Atlanta) and has since been enjoyed in over 200 countries worldwide including Ghana who started its operations in 1995. The company believes that to be successful in the changing world we need to continue to thrive as a business over the next twenty years and beyond, we must get ready for tomorrow today that’s what our 2020 vision is all about. Our Mission To refresh the world To inspire moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference Our vision We serve as the frame work for our roadmap and guide every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth. People: be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people’s desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual and enduring values. Planet: be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareholders while being mindful of our overall responsibilities Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. OBJECTIVES Increase sales by 100% by the end of 1st year. To be able to cover the whole country by the end of 2nd year. in non alcoholic beverage in future.

Marx and Weber’s Analyses of the Development of Capitalism Essay

Capitalism is defined as ‘An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.’ It is based on the division between two classes, one of which owns the labour of the other. Not only do the upper classes, or the bourgeoisie, own the means of physical production but also the means of ‘mental production’. They control and manipulate society through the rule of education, religion and the media. Althusser distinguishes between repressive state apparatuses and ideological state apparatuses and argues about how the bourgeoisie manages to maintain its rule. He argues that the repressive includes the police and the army in which use physical force to control the working class as opposed to the ideological apparatuses such as the media and religion which control the development of ideas. A key component of capitalism is that the working class are forced to sell their labour in exchange for wages i n order to survive. However, they do not receive an equal exchange for the labour they produce, but only the cost of subsistence. The difference of what the bourgeoisie receive from the labourers and the amount they pay back is called the surplus value, meaning the profit they make. Max Weber was one of the founding fathers of sociology and contributed highly to our knowledge of how society works. Weber’s work can be highlighted by referring to his study The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1905 (22 years after the death of Karl Marx in 1883). Weber argues that the Protestant Reformation introduced a new belief system of Calvinism (a form of Protestantism founded by John Calvin during the reformation) which promoted a high work ethic and which eventually led to the rise in capitalism. Calvinists believed that God preordains the ‘elect’ meaning of who would be saved after death and go onto heaven and who would not. This could not be changed through hard work or leading a good life as the decision had already been decided. This made Calvinists strive for success, with which they would reinvest into making more money, hence the development of capitalism. Weber distinguishes the differences between the capitalism of greed and wealth in past societies to those of present. Modern day people are pursing profit for its own sake rather than for consumption, hence why the Calvinists reinvested their wealth. Weber calls this the spirit of capitalism. He further argues that this was the reason capitalism was stronger in places like Europe and America and not in other places where Protestantism wasn’t so established. Weber also distinguishes between many different existing forms of capitalism including ‘traditional capitalism’ and ‘booty capitalism’; however the crucial ideal type is the one named modern capitalism, or rational capitalism meaning the repetitive, ongoing economic activity on the basis of rational calculation. Understanding what needs to happen and what the best way of achieving it is, allows for reinvestment and the growth of economic enterprises. He argues that it is the rational side of modern capitalism that distinguishes it from other advanced economic areas such as China and India, both of which had higher and more advanced infrastructures in the 17th century compared to Europe and America. However, Weber is hugely criticised for his understanding of the rise in capitalism due to others believing that it was the peoples relationship with the material forces and there means of subsidence which drove the change. Weber takes a key focus on religion and the impact that had on the rest of society as well as capitalism, whereas Marx focuses on class conflict. Marx argues that through industrialisation capitalism had been forced to increase due to growing separation of the two contrasting classes. One class is the exploiting bourgeoisie who own the means of production and the other class being the proletariat who own nothing but their own labour. Marx predicted that the working class would eventually become conscious of their alienation and exploitation and unite to overthrow capitalism. This would slowly bring in a system of socialism which would gradually evolve into a pure classless communist society lacking in exploitation. He argued that capitalism would disintegrate due to interior tensions, just like every other social system. He believed that communism was inevitably the next stage in the line of historical changes to class systems. Just as feudalism was replaced by capitalism, so capital ism would be replaced by communism. Marx argues that religion performs a different function than that of what Weber argues. Instead it operates as an ‘ideological weapon’ used by the bourgeoisie to justify the suffering of the poor as something unchangeable and ‘god-given’. Religion persuades the working class that their suffering is honourable and moral and will be favoured in the afterlife. This is evident in the Christianity teaching of it is ‘easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven’. This manipulates and oppresses the proletariat as it renders them blind to capitalistic trends; ensuing and maintaining false class consciousness. However, Marx can be criticised for ignoring the positive functions that religions perform, made apparent by the psychological adjustment to misfortune that it offers. Abercrombie and Turner (1978) argue that ‘in pre capitalist society, while Christianity was a major element of ruling-class ideology, it had only limited impact on the peasantry’ (A2 Sociology AQA Specification, 2009, pg 13) However, although Marx does argue that religion helps to control the manipulation of ideas of the working class he also believes that it is ‘the heart of the heartless world and the soul of soulless conditions’, as it can act as an distraction to dull the pain of exploitation. When comparing and contrasting two very highly influential historians such as Karl Marx and Max Weber, some would argue that it is highly important to look at their overall impact on society as well as humanity. Karl Marx focused highly on philosophy and his work is still influential in many cultures worldwide today. This contrasts to Max Weber who is considered ‘one of the fathers of modern thought’ and could be considered one of the world’s most intellectual and influential persons. Although both historians share clear similarities, for example both coming from a European Protestant background they also contrast and have distinct differences. Weber criticises Marx’s theory as he believes that his view is too one dimensional and simplistic when looking at inequality. Weber argues that this is due to Marx seeing class as the only important division. Weber argues that status and power also have high impact on the volume of inequality. He points towards the ‘power elite’ for evidence and argues that they can rule without actually owning the means of production. Currently there are many independent companies that can control and rule particular labourers without being a part of the bourgeoisie, it is not as simple as Marx likes to preach. A great amount of people are in other situations than the time when Marx was writing, for example ‘dealers in information, managers and civil servants’, meaning that the relative importance of the struggle between owners and workers has relatively declined. Although Marx and Weber have severe differences in their evaluation of modern capitalism their augments also share many similarities. They both believe that the economic system is a place where â€Å"individuals are directed by abstractions† (Marx). We must also take into account the times of which both sociologists were writing. Weber is writing nearly half a century later and focuses highly on the impact of power, wealth and prestige. He argues that these were the three main factors contributing to capitalism and the distinction of classes. This contrasts to Marx who focuses singularly on the impact of class and how the contrast of bourgeoisie and proletariat impacted on the rise of capitalism. However, both of their summaries of overthrowing capitalism share many similarities. Both sociologists argue that in order for capitalism to be overthrown the working class must unite together to overthrow the ruling class and free themselves from capitalist oppression. Bibliography Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1932). The German Ideology . Moscow: David Riazanov. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848). Manifesto of the communist party. London. Max Weber (1978). Economy and Society. California: University of California Press. Thomas Hobbes (1988). The Leviathan. London : Penguin . Phil Bartle. (2007). Marx vs Weber. Available: http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/cla-mweb.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. Louis Althusser. (1970). Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Available: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ideology.htm 970. Last accessed 10th October 2012 Michael Lowy. (2006). Marx, Weber and the Critique of Capitalism . Available: http://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article1106 . Last accessed 10th October 2012. No Author. (1999). Max Weber. Available: http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/s30f99.htm. Last accessed 10th October 2012. D. Sayer, Capitalism and Modernity: An Excurses on Marx and Weber, pg. 4, London: Routledge, 1991. Cuff, E. C., W. W. Sharrock and D. W. Francis, Perspectives in Sociology, third edition, London, Routledge, 1992.

Make Potassium Chlorate From Bleach and Salt Substitute

Potassium chlorate is an important potassium compound that can be used as an oxidizer, disinfectant, source of oxygen, and component in pyrotechnics and chemistry demonstrations. You can make potassium chlorate from common household bleach and salt substitute. The reaction is not particularly efficient, but its something to keep in mind if you need potassium chlorate right away or just want to know how to make it. Key Takeaways: Make Potassium Chlorate From Bleach and Salt Substitute Potassium chlorate is used as an oxidizer, disinfectant, and colorant (purple) in chemistry demonstrations and fireworks projects.While its not the most efficient chemical reaction, its simple to make potassium chlorate by boiling bleach, cooling it, and mixing in a saturated solution of salt substitute in water.The synthesis works because potassium from the salt substitute displaces sodium from the sodium chlorate made by boiling the bleach. The product is sodium chloride and potassium chlorate. Since potassium chlorate is not very soluble in water, it precipitates and may be collected by filtration. Materials for Making Potassium Chlorate You only need two ingredients to synthesize potassium chlorate: Chlorine bleachPotassium chloride (sold as a salt substitute)Filter paper or coffee filter Take care to check the label on the salt substitute to make certain the ingredient is just potassium chloride. While salt substitute is potassium chloride, lite salt is a mixture of sodium chloride (table salt) and potassium chloride. The reason this project works is because potassium replaces sodium in sodium chlorate. Basically, you need to make certain you are supplying the potassium. While it shouldnt be significant, keep in mind household bleach has a shelf life. If your bottle of bleach has been opened and stored a long time, its a good idea to get a fresh one for the project. Prepare Potassium Chlorate Boil a large volume (at least a half liter) of chlorine bleach, just until crystals start to form. Do this outdoors or under a fume hood, to avoid inhaling the vapor. Boiling bleach disproportionates sodium hypochlorite into sodium chloride and sodium chlorate.3 NaClO → 2 NaCl NaClO3As soon as crystals start to form, remove the bleach from heat and allow it to cool.In a separate container, prepare a saturated solution of potassium chloride by stirring potassium chloride into the water until no more will dissolve.Mix equal volumes of the boiled bleach solution and potassium chloride solution, taking care to keep solids from either solution out of the mixture. This is a substitution or single replacement reaction. The two products are separated based on solubility. Potassium chlorate will precipitate out, leaving sodium chloride in solution.KCl NaClO3 → NaCl KClO3Cool the solution in the freezer to increase the potassium chlorate yield.Filter the mixture through filter paper or a coffee filter. Keep the solid potassium chlorate; discard the sodium chloride solution.Allow the potassium chlorate to dry before storing or using it. NurdRage has a video of the process if youd prefer to see how its done. Potassium chlorate is used in fireworks as an oxidizer and to produce a purple flame. Teeraphon Phooma / EyeEm / Getty Images You can test the potassium chlorate in a simple chemistry demonstration: Purple Fire (shown) - Mix potassium chlorate and half as much sugar. Ignite the mixture either by applying a flame or adding a few drops of sulfuric acid (instant chemical fire).Dancing Gummi Bear - The candy is the source of the sugar in this demonstration. The vigorous reaction between the candy bear and the potassium chlorate makes the bear appear to dance in purple fire. Other uses of potassium chlorate include safety matches, fireworks, disinfectants, pesticides, firearm primer, and to force plant blooming. It is also a good starting point to prepare oxygen gas or chlorine gas. Safety Tips This is a project that should be performed with responsible adult supervision. Undiluted bleach can cause skin irritation and damage eyes and mucous membranes if splashed. Heating bleach should be done outdoors or under a fume hood, as irritating vapors are released. Finally, keep the potassium chlorate collected in this project away from heat or flame until you are ready to use it. It should be stored away from sulfuric acid and sulfur, as spontaneous ignition may occur.