Nature of a Diamond :: essays research papers

The unique nature of diamond is heavily dependent upon its composition, crystal construction, and mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties.1 Of those dependencies, composition exacts the most influence over the characteristics. Crystal structure is the repetition pattern of diamonds composition, and each of the properties are the result of molecular interaction which is determined by composition. Therefore, composition is paramount in the determination of the qualities of diamond. forrader its discovery, adamantane was known as decaterpene, the name applied by Decker to his tricyclic hydrocarbon. Decker believed that his decaterpene was similar in structure as the diamond lattice. Decaterpene, as in diamond, was proposed by Decker to be highly structured and strain free.2 Decker proposed decaterpene in 1924, but that was all it was until 1933 when the structure was proven to exist. Isolated in the petroleum of Hodinin, Czechoslovakia by Landa and Machachaeck, decaterpe ne became incarnate.3 However, the fact that they found the structure Decker predicted did not mean that his nomenclature would be used to identify the compound. That honor was bestowed upon its discoverers Landa and Machcahcaeck who used the Greek translation of diamond, adamantane, to identify the compound.2Crude petroleum is separated into its segment compounds by fractional distillation. The procedure involves a sample of the petroleum to be heated until the sample is evaporationized leaving behind any solid impurities. The resulting go enters a fractional distillation column in which a temperature gradient had been instilled. The temperature of the column decreases as the steam rises through the column. The idea is that, as the temperature of the column decreases, the vapor temperature will decrease. When the boiling point of a compound is passed, the compound will condense on the sides of the column and be collected in the fraction swell at that point. Thus the mixture is separated into fractions of compounds with similar boiling points in a mixture.4 Adamantanes high boiling point caused it to be one of the initial compounds to condense with the kerosene fraction in the 190o C cut.5 The and problem with the fractional distillation method is that adamantane cannot be extracted in large quantities because it exists in only a small quantity in petrol. The presence of adamantane was found to be only 0.0004% of the composition of petroleum by the fractional distillation method.2 Adamantane is not entirely in the petroleum distillate in which it is present.

Anthrax Essay -- essays research papers

Anthrax Vaccine Safe and Effective, or Not? Intro The Anthrax vaccinum is a mandatory shot for military while some people be testamenting to take the shot to save their lives, separates believe if they take it, it will ruin theirs.I. The Anthrax DiseaseA. Anthrax is a bacterial transmittance caused by Bacillus Anthracis.1. It primarily affects livestock, but can occasionally spread humans.a. The infection can be treated, but is almost always fatal.2. The bacterium produces spores that lay dormant for years in soil and on animal products.B. There are three different ways to contract this disease.1. Cutaneous anthrax is the mildest of the disease.a. It is contracted through a cut on the skin.2. Inhalation anthrax is a lofty and fatal form of the disease.a. This form of anthrax is usually fatal, even if treated, resulting in fatality3. Another rare and fatal form of the disease is intestinal anthrax.a. It is caused by eating meat of an animal that has died of anthrax.Transition Now that you know what causes the disease lets talk about the vaccine.II. The Anthrax VaccinationA. The vaccine was developed in the 1950s and 60s and approved by the FDA in the 1970s.1. The vaccine is a cell- free filtrate, produced from a strain of anthrax that ... ...evidence that it protects against inhaled anthrax.B. I this case the vaccine cannot b given to service members without informed consent except during an emergency.Transition Now that you have heard about the vaccines downfall, lets review everything determination We now know that anthrax is a fatal bacterium that can be contracted without your knowing. We also know that the vaccine can protect you. It has been tried since 1965, because it is the leading biological agent for germ warfare. We also know that it had a lower number of adverse effects in comparison with 3 other vaccines. Even with all that, there are still reasons why some wont take the vaccine, like a lack of testing. It hasnt been tested to see if it causes cancer, infertility, or even protects you from inhaled anthrax. Both arguments can end with the same statement, I dont want to get anthrax, The question is what you are free to risk to save yourself.

The Military Draft: An Unwise Solution Essay -- Bush Iraq War Afghanis

The Military Draft An Unwise SolutionThe United States of Americas military is currently involved in two major wars with U.S. opposition in Afghanistan and Iraq. All though both of these efforts sess be said to be in the clean-up stages, many a(prenominal) more soldiers leave alone be unavoidable to stabilize the regions, to provide police work, and to fight the insurgencies that have risen in opposition to the invasion of U.S. troops into foreign lands. The current presidential administration states that to adequately mass with the problems of post-war Iraq and unstable Afghanistan the United States needs to increase the number of active-duty soldiers serving over-seas. Top officials in the administration have said that a reorganization of the military is already in progress, and it will create more combat regiments, but the quoted additional 25,000 new military participants needed per year can hardly be met through these minor reorganizations. In addition, recruiting numbers atomic number 18 at their lowest in over ten years (?All Things Considered?, NPR password Source.) Many feel that the reenactment of the military service picture is inevitable because it is the only way to come up with the astounding number of new troops needed to finish the jobs started in the Middle-East by George W. Bush and his Republican administration. If increasing the size of the military is inevitable, then the draft is the wrong way to go. Aside from the moral objections that many Americans have to a draft, there are major logical fallacies in the reasoning that a draft would benefit the military, America, or its interests abroad therefore, the draft should non be reenacted to increase the number of the United States? combat troops.The most obvious problem with a military draft is that it creates soldiers that do not want to go to war. Currently our army is volunteer-only, and no one can be forced to enlist if he or she does not want to. This maintains our army as in ef fect(p) and dedicated to its goal with its members being committed and personally connected to the well-being of American interests. These voluntary soldiers are the best kind of soldiers because they believe in what they are doing. Generalizing slightly, they are willing to give their lives for this country and the missions that it takes on in the world. If a draft were reenacted, this would not be so. Upon forcing citizens to enlist, ou... ...war in Iraq, if the draft were to be reenacted, the underlying line by wealthy politicians and businessmen would be that they are willing to sacrifice the lives of the y byh at random to maintain their own financial comfort. The draft is an foolish solution to any military endeavor that cannot find the adequate number of troops to fulfill its mission. If people have to be forced to participate in a war, perhaps it was irresponsible to carry it out in the first place without a plan as to how the entire thing would be carried out with the ex isting military forces. Needing a draft to aid a military campaign also shows that the citizens do not wholly support the cause, because they are not standing up to fight for it. Forcing these people to fight would be disastrous. At home, riots and protesting would ravage the nation and bring to our domestic life a great deal of turmoil. Abroad, soldier morale and ability would be greatly reduced by forcing people who have never been soldiers, and who never wanted to be soldiers, to be soldiers. The draft is therefore an obsolete mechanism of war, and should never be reenacted for the good of our stability, morale, and military strength.