Power of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Power of Religion - Essay Example There are various elements in the world which are beyond the power human intellect and it is this incapacity which has made him to seek the refuge in religion from time immemorial. Thus, one finds that world religions offer its followers the scope for finding meaning to basic elements that are beyond human intellect. This important role of religions, as commented by Ezra Niesen, includes providing â€Å"an explanation for what makes the universe work, some way for people to escape their physical mortality, ways for people to build healthy families and strong communities, and ways for people to make themselves feel satisfied with their lives.† (Niesen). There is obvious role of religions to provide the humans with the capacity to understand the factors which completely beyond the power of their intellect. It is through the working of the hankering in every human being to go beyond what he or she can grasp and it is through the power of the intellect and the will that humans are able to reach things beyond their knowledge.

Role of Humor in Reducing Job Stress and Depression

Role of Humor in Reducing Job Stress and Depression The Role of Humor in Reducing Job Stress and Depression among Nurses Abstract Studies show that it is very important to reduce job stress and depression of nurses. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of humor in reducing job stress and depression among nurses. The study took place at hospitals in Iran. After distributing questionnaires, 210 accurate questionnaires have been used for data analysis. This research was conducted using three separate Questionnaires: Humor (Khoshouei et al. 2009), stress (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983), and depression (Radloff, 1977). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the relationship between humor, job stress and depression. The finding showed that humor has a negative impact on job stress and depression with a significant path coefficient at -0.65 and -0.76. In addition, Job stress has a positive impact on depression with a significant path coefficient at 0.71. The results of research showed that humor could be considered as a predictor of reducing job stress and depression an d job stress could be considered as a predictor of depression. Keywords: Humor, Job stress, Depression, Nurse 1. Introduction The role of nursing is associated with multiple and conflicting demands imposed by nurse supervisors and managers, and by medical and administrative staff. Such a situation appears to lead to work overload and possible to role conflict. One of the most significant risks nurses are exposed to in their work is stress. Numerous recent studies have explored work stress among health care personnel in many countries. Stress can have a significant impact on individual nurses and their ability to accomplish tasks and more specifically, poor decision-making, lack of concentration, apathy, decreased motivation and anxiety may impair job performance creating uncharacteristic errors (Jones, Tanigawa, and Weisse, 2003) Stress, up to a certain point, will improve people’s performance and quality of life because it is healthy and essential that they should experience challenges within their lives, but if pressure becomes excessive, it loses its beneficial effect and becomes harmful (Moustaka, and Constantinidis, 2010). Evidence shows that stress has a negative impact on human body, regarding to its biological, psychological and spiritual dimensions (Chinery, 2007; Lambert and Lambert, 2008) Concerning to the work related stress, health professions were forgotten for a time but recent research has contributed to include these practitioners in the group of the most exposed to stress due to the particular characteristics of their job (Amaro and Jesus, 2008). It is important to recognize that stress is a state, not an illness, which may be experienced as a result of an exposure to a wide range of work demands and in turn can contribute to an equally wide range of outcomes, which may concern the employee’s health and be an illness or an injury, or changes in his/her behavior and lifestyle (Moustaka, and Constantinidis, 2010). Many research projects have been done to study the antecedences of stress and depression so far. Stress management and reducing the stress in individual is a key concept in organizational behavior. One of factor that has an impact in reducing the stress and depression is humor. Humor has been recognized in the literature as a complex and personal phenomenon regarding its multidimensional nature and the different meanings that people attribute to the concept. Thereby, although this complex concept has been largely studied by the health and social sciences, no commonly accepted definition was suggested (Santos and Jose, 2012). Romero and Cruthirds (2006) define humor as â€Å"amusing communications that produce positive emotions and cognitions in the individual, group, or organization†. In the management literature, humor is defined as a message whose ingenuity, verbal skill, and/or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter (Bergeron, and Vachon, 2008). Although there are exam ples of studies of humor, the literature is most often conceptual, and does not empirically examine the value of humor for service organizations. The aim of this research is to study the role of humor in reducing job stress and depression among nurses. 2. Hypothesis development Literature review shows that there are four contributing factors that make defining humor difficult (Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran , 2012): (1) â€Å"Humor† and â€Å"sense of humor† are often used interchangeably; (2) Humor is multi-dimensional; (3) Humor is quantified in various ways; and (4) There are positive and negative humor styles. In Figure 1 the five humor styles has been displayed. Figure 1. Five humor styles (Moshref Javadi et al. 2013) Research supports humor as an excellent stress management tool. Many people find that maintaining a sense of humor is useful for a good quality of life. Sense of humor gives the ability to find delight, experience joy, and release tension. Studies show the existence of an intrinsic connection between humor and the stress level (Santos and Jose, 2012). The results of the study previously carried out by Astedt-Kurki and Liukkonen (1994), indicated that humor takes an important role on the management of work related stress. Humor and laughter are a powerful emotional medicine that can lower stress, dissolve anger, and unite people in troubled times. Humor in the workplace has been identified as beneficial (Hoption et al. 2013). Having a great sense of humor provides many clear advantages. It increases energy and gives a feeling of well-being by stimulating the release of chemicals, such as endorphins and adrenaline (Miller, 1996). It decrease depression, anxiety and stress, as well as enhance one’s mood, immunity to illness, and life/family satisfaction. As you can see in Figure 2, employee humor has impact in employee health like burnout, stress, health and coping effectiveness. Figure 2. Employee humor outcomes (Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran , 2012) Depression among nurses may be linked to the high level of their stress. Nurses can be a high-risk occupational population for experiencing depressive symptoms because of high job demands and complex environmental conditions (Gelsema et al., 2005). Literature review shows that stress has a significant association with depression (Chiang and Chang, 2012). Hence, hypotheses are formulated as follow: H1: Humor has a negative impact on job stress H2: Humor has a negative impact on depression H3: Job stress has a positive impact on depression. On the basis of theoretical background the following conceptual model is developed. Figure 3. Conceptual framework 3. Methodology A survey/questionnaire research was conducted to test the research hypothesis. 3.1. Sample The study took place at hospitals in Iran. Data were gathered from self-reported questionnaires by 210 nurses. Regarding the demographic information, most participants were female (60 percent), age from 20 to 50 years old, 70 percent were married, working tenure between 1 to more than 10 years, and all of them were academic educated. The characteristics of the participants are described in Table 1. Table 1.Demographic characteristics Demographic variables N=210 Gender Female Male 126 84 Age 20-30 31-40 41-50 113 81 16 Marital status Single Married 63 147 Working tenure Less than 2 years 2-10 years More than 10 years 11 147 52 3.2. Instruments This research was conducted using three separate instruments. 3.2.1. Humor questionnaire Humor was assessed using the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ) developed by Khoshouei et al. (2009). The SHQ is a 25-item, 5-points Likert-type scale (1 refers to strongly disagree and 5 refers to strongly agree). 3.2.2. Stress questionnaire Stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983). In this scale the response options range is from 0 (never) to 4 (very often), with higher scores indicating greater stress. 3.2.3. Depression questionnaire Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (Radloff, 1977). The CES-D is a 20-item, 4-point Likert-type scale (1 refers to rarely or none of the time and 4 refers to most or all of the time). Cronbachs alpha was used to estimate the reliability of internal consistency. Table 2 shows the reliability of questionnaires. Table 2. Reliability analysis Questionnaire Source ÃŽ ± Humor (Khoshouei et al. 2009) 0.76 Stress (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983) 0.79 Depression (Radloff, 1977) 0.84 As you can see in Table 2 none of the reliability estimates fell below 0.70, so the scale reliabilities were considered acceptable. 3.3. Data analysis After testing the reliability of the questionnaires, the measurement models and research hypotheses was tested. For this purpose, structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypotheses and to examine the relationships among the variables. We relied on several statistics to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the models that includes: RMSEA, GFI, NFI, CFI and CMIN/df. Two statistical programs, SPSS 18 and Amos 21, were utilized to conduct the data analyses. 4. Results First three measurement models were separately analyzed. Table 3 shows fit indices of the measurement models. Table 3. Fit indices of measurement models CMIN/df CFI NFI GFI RMSEA Model 1.69 0.953 0.912 0.918 0.021 Humor 1.24 0.916 0.909 0.941 0.056 Stress 2.73 0.925 0.928 0.937 0.072 Depression >90% >90% >90% Acceptable amount Comparing the amount of fit indices and their acceptable amount shows that overall fit of the measurement models is acceptable. For testing the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling has been used. Table 4 shows the fit indices of the structural model. The results in Table 4 shows the values of fit indices all reach the acceptable amount. Table 4. Fit indices of the structural model CMIN/df CFI NFI GFI RMSEA Model 2.35 0.911 0.927 0.939 0.0651 structural >90% >90% >90% Acceptable amount Two indices named critical ratio (CR) and P have been used for testing the significance of hypotheses. If CR>1.96 then in the significance level of 0.05 are confirmed the hypotheses. Table 5 shows the hypotheses and regression coefficients. Table 5. Results of hypotheses test Result P CR ÃŽ ² Hypotheses Supported 0.00 4.268 -0.65 Humor has a negative impact on job stress Supported 0.00 3.634 -0.76 Humor has a negative impact on depression Supported 0.00 5.165 0.71 Job stress has a positive impact on depression. As Table 5 shows, humor has a negative impact on job stress and depression with a significant path coefficient at -0.65 and -0.76. In addition, Job stress has a positive impact on depression with a significant path coefficient at 0.71. 5. Conclusion Higher level of workloads with limited amount of nursing staffs can cause a variety of negative outcomes such as work stress and depression (Chiang and Chang, 2012) so it is very important to reduce job stress and depression of nurses. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of humor in reducing job stress and depression among nurses. Another objective of this research was to determine the effects of job stress on depression. The finding showed that humor has a negative impact on job stress and depression with a significant path coefficient at -0.65 and -0.76. In addition, Job stress has a positive impact on depression with a significant path coefficient at 0.71. The results of research showed that humor could be considered as a predictor of reducing job stress and depression and job stress could be considered as a predictor of depression. This research creates an important implication for managers of organization. The results of this study state that having a sense of humor is a powerful way to reduce job stress and depression. As previous researches showed employee humor is associated with enhanced work performance, satisfaction, workgroup cohesion, health, and coping effectiveness, as well as decreased burnout, stress, and work withdrawal (Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran, 2012). Creating a humorous workplace is an important factor that must be considered by managers of organizations. Employees with a sense of humor and a humorous workplace can reduce job stress and depression among nurses. The main limitation of this research was the nurses lack of time in responding to the questionnaires. This research aimed to analyze the role of humor in reducing job stress and depression among nurses; the study can be performed in the other organizations and other countries for more confirmation of results. References Amaro, H., and de Jesus, S. N. (2008), Vulnerabilidade ao Stresse em Profissionais de Emergà ªncia Mà ©dica Prà ©-Hospitalar, Mudanà §as Psicologia da Saà ºde, 16, 62-70. Astedt-Kurki, P., and Liukkonen, A. (1994), Humor in nursing care, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 20, 183-188. Bergeron, J., and Vachon, M. A. (2008), The effects of humor usage by financial advisors in sales encounters, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 26(6), 376 – 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320810902424. Chiang, Y. M., and Chang, Y. C. (2012). Stress, depression, and intention to leave among nurses in different medical units: Implications for healthcare management/nursing practice, Health Policy, 108, 149– 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.08.027. Chinery, W. (2007), Alleviating stress with humor: a literature review, Journal of Perioperative Practice, 17, 172-182. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2136404. Gelsema, T. I, van der Doef, M., Maes, S., Akerboom, S., and Verhoeven, C. (2005), Job stress in the nursing profession: the inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence of organizational and environmental conditions and job characteristics. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(3), 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.3.222 Hoption, C., Barling, L. and Turner, N. (2013), Its not you, its me†: transformational leadership and self-deprecating humor, Leadership Organization Development Journal, 34(1), 4 – 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731311289947 Jones, D., Tanigawa, T., and Weisse, S. (2003). Stress management and workplace disability in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. Journal of Occupational Health, 45, 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.45.1. Lambert, V. A., and Lambert, C. E. (2008), Nurses’ workplace stressors and coping strategies, Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 14, 38-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.41934. Mesmer-Magnus, J., Glew, D. J, and Viswesvaran, C. (2012), A meta-analysis of positive humor in the workplace, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(2), 155 – 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683941211199554. Miller, J. (1996), Humor: an empowerment tool for the 1990s, Empowerment in Organizations, l.4(2), 16-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684899610118046 Moshref Javadi, M. H., Salehzadeh, R., and Hoseini poor, S. (2013).Studying the Relationship between Humor and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(3), 146-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v3-i3/100. Moustaka, E., Constantinidis, T. C. (2010), Sources and effects of Work-related stress in nursing, Health Science Journal, 4(4), 210-216. Radloff, L. S. (1977), The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306. Romero, E. J., and Cruthirds, K. W. (2006), The use of humor in the workplace, Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 58-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.20591005. Santos, M. I., and Jose, H. (2012). Humor and Health Practitionaires’ Stress, Humor contributions in stress management, Advanced Research in Scientific Areas, 1022-1026.

Saccharin :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saccharin is one of the most disputed sugar substitutes in the United States today. Since 1977, it has been regarded as potentially carcinogenic (â€Å"Saccharin†, 1999). The sweetness of saccharin compared to sugarcane is utterly amazing. When measured up to sugarcane, saccharin is 550 times as sweet in its pure state. Also, it is estimated to have a sweetening power of 375 times that of sugar (â€Å"Saccharin†, 2000)! This drug may be amazing, but some people say that it causes a dangerous disease, cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1879, while developing new food preservatives a young Johns Hopkins chemistry research assistant accidentally discovered that one of the organic compounds he was testing was intensely sweet. He named it â€Å"saccharum†, the Greek word for sugar. He further learned that it passed through the body unchanged and was thus a safe artificial sweetener for diabetics (Anderson, 1995). Similar sugar substitutes are used today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Saccharin, which is also known as ortho-sulpho benzimide, is a white crystalline solid derived form coal tar. Them chemical formula is known as C6H4CONHSO2 (â€Å"Saccharin†, 1999). In 1977, saccharin was banned in Canada, but it has been kept on the market in the United States (â€Å"Saccharin†, 2000). It may be legal in the United States, but warning labels are necessary on saccharin-containing foods (â€Å"Saccharin†, 2000). In 1997, a group of scientists urged the federal agency to keep the artificial on its list of cancer-causing agents (CSPI, 1997). The National Toxicology Program, NTP, said that declaring saccharin sage would, â€Å"result in greater exposure to this probable carcinogen in tens of millions of people†¦ If saccharin is even a weak carcinogen, this unnecessary additive would pose an intolerable risk to the public,† (CSPI, 1997). They felt that even if it is weak, it still is a carcinogen. Samuel Epstein, a professor of environmental medicine at Illinois Medical Center in Chicago said, â€Å"In light of the many animal and human studies clearly demonstrating that saccharin is a carcinogenic, it is astonishing that the NTP is even considering delisting saccharin, â€Å" (CSPI, 1997). Many other scientist still today believe and have proven that saccharin is a cancer causing agent (at high doses in lab animals), but still people use it day in and day out at restaurants and their homes. Still many people are trying to have it removed from the list of carcinogens. Saccharin was also test on many laboratory animals, especially lab rats. They concluded that a high dietary dose of sodium saccharin causes urinary bladder tumors in rats (Bell, 1998).

An Overview of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc

Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc. specializes in retail donut market and was founded in 1937 in North Carolina. Today, there are over 400 stores which employ 3,900 employees in 45 states and 4 countries. The company produces about 7.5 million donuts each day. The company is one of the leading producers of donuts and is ranked 4th of the top 100 chains in the U.S. (standing as of 2004). The company owns and franchises Krispy Kreme doughnut shops and sells over 20 different kinds of doughnuts, including its Hot Original Glazed variety. Today, the company faces some significant challenges: Employees are suing the company over mismanagement of retirement funds Changes in eating habits have affected the company†s revenue In May of 2004, the Krispy Kreme stock fell almost 18 % because of changes in dieting habits, particularly the low-carbohydrate phenomenon. The sale of packaged donuts dropped dramatically. The company claimed this was impacting sales but analysts were skeptical because doughnuts are not thought of as â€Å"part of a diet†, any diet. And changes in America†s eating habits, especially the health craze that seems to be the current pattern is likely to impact the sales of sugary and snack foods. Krispy Kreme doughnuts fall into both categories. Changes in senior management always make investors wary. In 2005, Stephen F. Cooper was named CEO replacing Scott A. Livengood, who has retired as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company. He will become a consultant on an interim basis. Steven G. Panagos has been named President and Chief Operating Officer (press release, 2005). The company hopes this change will turn things around. In the company†s own words, â€Å"The Company also announced that the results for its fourth quarter ending January 30, 2005 have been, and may continue to be, adversely impacted by significant sales declines. For the eight weeks ended December 26, 2004, system wide and Company average weekly sales per factory store have decreased approximately 18% and 25%, respectively, compared to the corresponding weeks of the prior year. The quarter is also being adversely impacted by the substantial costs associated with the legal and regulatory matters previously disclosed. These factors may result in the Company experiencing a loss for the current quarter. KZC will work with the Company to review whether it should take certain operational actions, which could include the consolidation of store locations. Any such actions could result in substantial losses, although it is expected that any restructuring charges largely would be non- cash charges. The system wide average weekly sales per factory store, is a non-GAAP financial measure. System wide sales data include sales at all company and franchise stores. The Company believes system wide sales information is useful in assessing our market share and concept growth (press release, 2005). The company needs to change. One start may be to consider its offerings. Although the company was initially successful by making doughnuts, they may need to expand and also offer customers healthier choices, such as low-fat muffins and bagels. Although this will change the premise of their business it provides an opportunity for the company to gain new customers. Dunkin Donuts has successfully altered their offerings and so can Krispy Kreme. The company also needs to settle their regulatory and legal affairs so that the company†s reputation doesn†t continue to be negatively impacted. Once they have a clean slate, they should issue a press release assuring consumers that Krispy Kreme has dealt with its issues and is back on track. Addressing any quality control issues and consolidating where possible will also lend an air of credibility, especially to stockholders and potential investors. The company needs to put some significant checks and balances in place to prevent any additional financial scandals and prove that the goal of the company is to regain financial stability and profitability. The company also faces increasing competition and needs to set themselves apart. One way could be to develop a â€Å"healthier† doughnut-one that is lower in fat but retains the taste. Basically, the company needs an overhaul and having a new CEO is the best way to start. This is the perfect opportunity to implement change on every front. The biggest challenge facing the company is to make these changes as quickly and efficiently as possible to regain their competitive edge and name in the industry.

Integrative Problems and Virtual Organization Strategy Paper Essay

Different types of threats for each different approach much each are carefully considered to ensure that the right approach is chose. There are benefits and risks for each approach. The threats must be read and understood appropriately. The first approach would be about Patton Fuller Community College going through with an IPO. An IPO is also known as an Initial Public Offering. The IPO is the first stock sale is a public offering that sales shares of stocks from a company to people within the â€Å"general† public. Some of the threats that Patton Community Hospital could go through if the IPO is pronounced publically would be that the people who make large investments for important things like retirement, they are putting their retirement at risk because the market can be very good to people at times, but it is not a sure thing. â€Å"†This is the most negative piece of legislation I’ve ever seen,† frets William Elmore of Foundation Capital.† It will dampen capital formation. Anyone standing to create wealth by building a growth company would face putting personal assets at risk.† There will be fewer future IPOs if some founders choose not to go public as a result of lingering concern† (Mamis, Robert A. (1997). Going public puts a lot of people in a position to create an opinion immediately and this might be a bad thing because business could slow. Some of the threats that could take place if another organization from the same industry is acquired the company that is being acquired (if it is the buying company) will end up in quite a bit of debt because it will end up costing more in the long run. â€Å"Because a public company’s stock is relatively liquid, it can be used as the currency to acquire other businesses and fuel further growth. Many owners of successful private enterprises are happy to sell their businesses in exchange for the marketable securities of a growth company† (QWOTER.CO. (2013). The threat that opposes here would be that even through with this approach there is a good chance of the business being larger and better, but this would mean that there is also the risk that the company is making the wrong move, and this could fail just as easy as it could succeed. This means that a threat would be that the business could go downhill. For example, if the other business acquired has a bad person worki ng for them or a bad rep, this will now include all companies involved. Patten Community Hospital also faces threats of merging with another company’s. Some of these threats would include debt, legal issues or standards, and mutual understanding and respect for all company’s involved. Merging a company can be very costly. This could mean putting the Company who is buying into some serious debt. This would not be good for either one of the merging parties. It would be smart to weigh every decision very carefully when choosing to merge companies because you want to make sure that everything legal is discussed and agreed upon to ensure that there are no misunderstandings. Also any business’s that are considering merging should meet and get to know the other business owner well before making the final decisions because there are so many different types of business, different types of strategies, different types of techniques, and different types of ideas and styles. Business owners that merger businesses may be very settled on the way th at he or she runs their business. Therefore this may cause conflict. Businesses can be very successful from merging their businesses together if a good team strategy and no conflict. View as multi-pages

128 Words You Can Use Instead of Very

128 Words You Can Use Instead of Very Developing your professional reputation has a lot to do with the way you communicate with the people around you. The way you communicate can make or break your reputation. Sometimes the smallest things you say can have a drastic impact on how you are perceived. For instance, take the word â€Å"very†. We’ve all used â€Å"very† to describe things. Very big, very small, very good, very powerful, etc. But these are great examples of your language being overly simplistic. Even if you have an advanced degree in English literature, if you use the word â€Å"very† to describe something, then people may perceive you as someone who lacks an advanced understanding of the English language. That being said, we’ve found an infographic detailing 128 words you can use instead of â€Å"very†.   These words should be used in  it’s place  when you are in formal situations  such as the workplace.Source: [ProofReadingServices]

My Love-Hate Relationship with New York Essay Example

My Love My Love-Hate Relationship with New York Essay My Love-Hate Relationship with New York Essay New York City is a fascinating place with too much charm for its own good. It is evident in both E. B. Whites Here is New York and Goodbye to All That, by Joan Doing that it is easy to fall in love with New York. However, it isnt too hard to fall out of love with this city, either. White mentions three types of New Yorkers: natives, commuters and non-natives, and how they contribute to the quality of this city. Doing tells us the story of her arrival to New York from the West, and discusses her rough first- Impression, that led to a decision to stay for 8 years. Both authors create an Image of New York that shows a city of wonder and curiosity, which leads me to believe that a relationship with New York City can (and will) be complicated because there are aspects that we may grow to love, and others that we might end up despising. In the opening passage from E. B. Whites Here Is New York, he describes the three types of New Yorkers as the natives who take their city for granted; the commuters who live the fast-paced, sheep-like lifestyle; and the non-native New Yorkers who come, reaching for something new. According to white, It Is the third type of New York that completes the city, as a whole. He says, They account for New Works high disposition, poetical deportment, and dedication to the arts, and its comparable achievements. Although this makes it a beautiful place, it is also the citys demise. He goes on to say that New York is a target for destruction, due to its clear priority. It is vulnerable, because there is so much variety; so much to offer! Its as though all of its buildings, ridges and other well-known landmarks have suddenly become ten times more noticeable! Nevertheless, each New Yorker embraces their city with the intense excitement of first-love, and a fresh, new adventure. Regardless of what may come of it, New York must hold a steady, irresistible charm, meaning it has a particular standard to own up to due to its high level of popularity. Although E. B. White doesnt mention one, I do believe there is a fourth type of New Yorker. They are the ones that grew up here and fell in love with its beauty, but had their heart broken by the new epistyle. The one who aspires to move on from New York, and experience life in the suburbs, away from the chaos, the monotony and the locusts! I am definitely the fourth type of New-Yorker. In an excerpt from Joan Dingos Goodbye to All That, she sets the mood for the text by stating it is easy to see the beginnings of things, and harder to see the ends. It is clear that she once had a better opinion of New York, until she had seen it for herself. While Doing may sound pessimistic, I realized that she was actually being optimistic. It Is easy to assume something Is going to be bad, based on a negative first Impression, but you never know how good It can turn out to be, after all. Dillon was twenty-years-old In the summer she arrived In New York. The warm air smelled of mildew and some Instinct programmed by all the movies, songs and stones I knew of New York Informed me that It would never be the same again, she explained. She described looking out of the bus window on her first night Into town, as she watched for the skyline, but could only see the wastes of Queens, big signs that said MIDTOWN TUNNEL THIS LANE, and a flood of exotic summer rain. During her long-distance calls with the boy she knew she would never marry, she had mentioned she would only stay for 6 months; she ended up staying was something so curious about a different kind of city, that she was eager to discover. Clearly, New Works charm can persuade anyone to stay, even through a difficult transition from one lifestyle to another. I consider myself to be the New Yorker that loves the city, but has grown out of it. Growing up, I always said that I could never leave New York. I loved the city, the big bridges lit up at night, looking out over the East River in Dumb, Brooklyn, having access to any city via public transit, the variety of cultures and cuisines, and ultimately living in a city that never sleeps! Although I still love these things about New York, I would much rather spend some time on a farm in Ohio! As an aspiring Wildlife Rehabilitate, I would love to raise ducks, goats, and dogs on farmland. It isnt legal to own certain species of animals, in he city of New York, so a lot of my goals have been put on hold. Dont get me wrong, I dont dislike living in New York, its Just that this city no longer has much to offer me. For some, the idea of having a chaotic subway station, filled with loud, pushy people, might be frightening. On the other hand, some would appreciate being able to travel anywhere in the city for two-dollars and fifty cents! As New Yorkers, we are very privileged! I pray that I will learn to love New York, all over again.. Relationship with New York City can be complicated because there are aspects that e may grow to love, and others that we end up disliking. While E. B. White, Joan Doing and I all agree that New York is a city of possibility as well as having a rough (or unexpected) first impression, New York ended up being a blessing after all. I cant say I see myself staying for the rest of my life, but I can say I will always have love for New York, deep down. So many amazing opportunities and experiences have been placed before me, and as a Native New Yorker, I am very privileged! I live in a bittersweet city; one that is always so beautiful, but often so cruel.

Free sample - Freedom of Speech in China. translation missing

Freedom of Speech in China. Freedom of Speech in ChinaAbstract The paper seeks to examine the freedom of speech for the people of Republic of China. The paper seeks to do this, by examining the way the government of China has treated the media. This is because the paper believes that the media is central to the freedom of expression in any country. The paper also briefly examines how the Chinese government responds to those who activate for political freedom in China. Introduction The recent tussles between the government of China and the search engine Google show that China has gagged the media. This is because the Internet is the most modern means of communication (Cohn, 2007). It is also the media that can make most people express themselves freely. For freedom of expression to exist, there must be a free media .This is because people can only be heard through the media. Only last year, Liu, a renowned journalist was sent to prison. This was because of an email he had written. The charges against him were that he called for peaceful political demonstrations. Many ordinary Chinese have been jailed for candid political expression. The People’s Republic of China continues to be a country that restricts the freedom of expression. This has seen many people leave the country. It has always managed to restrict freedom of expression by censoring the media. Since its formation in 1949, china has gagged the media. This has been due to the fact that the media is state run. Only a small number of media houses are not state run. They include CCTV, The People’s Daily and Xinhua. Where the media are not censored they encounter stiff government regulations. The media here is taken to mean television, Radio, newapapers, magazines and more recently the Internet. Some of the regulations that the media faces are as follows; for one, it is forbidden to report or question the legitimacy of the communist party. This, in Chinese media is a taboo subject that can get one jailed. The media cannot also report on the government of Tibet. Tibet is a secessionist state it has seceded from China although China maintains that it is part of China. The Chinese media cannot also report on the religious movement Falun Gong. The past few years have seen the loosening of some of the government rules that restrict the media. This has been through the commercialization of the media. Also, the emergency of independent media houses has seen to participate in the loosening of the media restrictions (Esarey, 2005). Historical background For purposes of integrity, let the paper state that the Chinese media reports on social issues. The freedom that has been curtailed is the political expression. Political expression constitutes freedom of expression. The curtailing of the freedom of expression began way back in 1949. This was the year that saw the birth of the People’s Republic of China. The government established regulations to make sure that the media does not report certain topics. These regulations have always been passed by the socialist party which is the governing party. The parliament of China has also been involved in the passing of laws that gag the media (Yuezhi, 1998). In 1993, the Chinese government moved to censor the newest form of communication.  Ã‚   This was the Internet and the World Wide Web. Thus, the Internet has been censored in China since its inception. Since then there have been continuous fights between the Chinese government and management of search engines such as Google and Yahoo. The fight between the Chinese government and management of the mentioned search engines is about the freedom of expression. This is because the Chinese government has realized the potential of the Internet to be used as a means of communication. The government does not want the citizens to have any avenue where they can express themselves freely (Yuezhi, 1998). Crack on Activists The Chinese government has established a system that ensures that those who speak against the government are arrested.   These are the people who dare question the government on the taboo subject of freedom of expression. The other category includes those who fight for the rights of the citizens. These are the people who protest against police brutality. The police have been active in ensuring that those who speak against the government do not escape. They get arrested and charged on charges of defamation. Others go missing for months until they appear in court under false charges. Activists, when arrested, face long prison charges to discourage others from following in their suit. The government has also established a well trained police force to track down anyone who disobeys its regulations on censorship. Every kind of media is closely watched to ensure that they comply with the rules and regulations set in place to silence the citizenry. The one media that have been heavily cen sored in the recent past is the Internet. Internet censorship As the paper earlier documented, the censorship of the Internet began in 1993. This was when the central government passed three regulations that curtail the freedom of speech through the Internet. The first of these regulations state that individuals and private organizations are not allowed to have direct internet, international connection. This regulation was formally announced by the government in 1996, and it was updated in 1997(Collins, 2002). This regulation requires all Internet connection to go through the official government machinery such as CERNET, ChinaNET and GBNET among other government regulatory agencies (Amnesty International, 2002). The second regulation gave the ministry of public security authority to monitor the Internet provision in the country. The ministry was to inspect, supervise and guide the work of maintaining security in the country. In regard to the Internet, it was to prosecute criminal cases brought through the Internet. Reading the fine script, one can see that there is ambiguity in the powers of the ministry. This is to ensure that the ministry can get along with the suppression of the freedom of expression (Amnesty International, 2002). The government in regard to Internet censorship has been enacting new regulations. People who break these regulations face jail terms or fines. In other instances, they face both. The charges that are brought against the people who violate these Internet regulations are various. For one, they are charged with performing acts that split the nation. Defamation is also another popular charge that is brought against these people. Leaking government secrets is another charge that those people who violate Internet censorship laws get. Sites that are found to violate the state laws get blocked. Several sites have been blocked like New York Times site was blocked in 2000 though it was later unblocked. The sites for the Washington Post, CBN and CBS have also been blocked, but they were unblocked in 2000 (Abbott, 2004). According to the ministry of public security, the following is what makes a site be closed. According to the said ministry, if an Internet site is provoking division and promoting sentiment that is harmful to the national security, then it is to be closed. Injuring the image of state organizations is another crime that can get a site closed. Working to overthrow the Chinese government or the socialist set up is also termed as sedition and can get a site closed.   All this is propaganda aimed at stifling the freedom of expression. This is because it is the state ministry that determines what sedition is and what isn’t. The state ministry of security thus uses propaganda to censor freedom of speech in China. Because it cannot be overly brutal, it has come up with laws and regulations that push its’ agenda to harm the freedom of expression. Other media have also been stifled in the drive to control the freedom of speech in China. One such media is television (Abbott, 200 4). Television The people’s republic of China (PRC) is technology savvy. It has invested widely in the television industry. 35% of the population has access to television. The television industry is heavily watched by the central government. TV stations are not independent in the country. That is they cannot air what they like. Like the Internet, they are censored by the government. This is because the government allows them to carry as much social material as they want. But when it comes to political communication they are curtailed. The television networks cannot report on police brutality. Also, they cannot report on unrests in the country (Benjamin, 2005). The leading television network is the CCTV. It is a state owned corporation and employs about 10,000 people. It cannot air foreign programs. The contents of the TV broadcasts are examined by state officials on a regular basis. The TV station is closely watched by the propaganda department. It is under the scrutiny from the state department of the administration of Radio, Film and television. The chairman of the TV station is a deputy minister in the ministry of the administration of Radio, film and television. Thus, the TV industry is closely watched so that it cannot air anything that can advance the freedom of expression in the country. The other media like newspapers cannot also be used to advance the freedom of speech and expression (Benjamin, 2005). Radio Radio talk shows are slowly and systematically transforming the freedom of expression and speech in China. Most Radio stations have become liberal and are reporting on subjects that are considered taboo by the other media. Radio talk shows have become the ground on which millions of people talk back to the government. This is because the country has seen the proliferation of Radio stations in the last one decade. The Radio stations have become an avenue through which the people can at least have a measure of political freedom of expression. The other media are used by the state machinery to talk to the people. Radio provides a platform on which people talk back to the government. This does not mean that radio has a free hand to air what it wants. Freedom of expression continues to be suppressed in China on a day to day basis. China is one country that has consistently refused to grant a platform for the expression of fair speech (Guan, 1995). Newspapers Newspapers in China have not been able to cut through government restrictions. They are still under gags that make it impossible for them to report on anything that is politically sensitive. The dominant newspapers are socialist party papers that report more on social issues than on political matters. This is because to report on political issues is suicidal to a newspaper in China. Today there are 2200 daily papers in China. State agencies have authority to edit and censor news from foreign newspapers (Guan, 1995). Western media The western media are heavily censored in mainland China. This is in an attempt to stifle the freedom of speech. This is because the Chinese government understands the power of the media in opening up countries formerly locked in suppression of the freedom of speech. For example, the western media have been instrumental in opening up Burma to the international community. In China western journalists are restricted from entering the country. If they manage to enter the country, they meet severe restrictions. China is determined to continue the suppression of the freedom of speech .One of the most effective ways of doing this is the restriction of the western media in the country (Collins, 2002). Conclusion China has the longest record on the suppression of the freedom of speech. The paper has gone into details about how the government of China has stifled the media. This is because people cannot have freedom of speech when what they say cannot be reported in the media. The Chinese government has also censored the Internet. The Internet is the most efficient way of communicating globally. The Chinese government understands this, and that is why it cannot allow search engines like Google to operate freely in the country (Cohn, 2007). The freedom of speech is essential to the development of any country. Most countries that used to curtail the freedom of speech have changed and are now allowing the said freedom. The media have been liberalized in most parts of the country. One of the most conservative countries has given in to a free and independent media that are central to freedom of speech. This is none other than Russia. Other countries have followed suit. Thus, there is no reason why the world’s largest nation can continue to stifle the freedom of expression (Yuezhi, 1998). The governments of the world should rise and challenge China to give political space to its citizens. They should pressurize China to give freedom of speech to its citizens. This is because China is a signatory to international charter on freedom of speech. China also sits on the security council of the UN.Being a nation thus esteemed; it must also esteem its citizens by giving them the freedom of speech. Only in this way will it be able to prove to the world that it is worthy to sit on the security council of the UN.It will prove to all and sundry that it is serious when signing   international treaties. References Amnesty International (27 February 2002). People's Republic of China: State control of the Internet. New York: Amnesty International. Abbott, P.   (2004). The Political Economy of the Internet in Asia and the Pacific Digital Divides, Economic Competitiveness, and Security Challenges. New York: Praeger. Benjamin, L. (2005). "Watchdog or Demagogue? The Media in the Chinese Legal System." Columbia Law Review, 105(1). Cohn, W. (2007). "Yahoo's China Defense." New Presence: The Prague Journal of European Affairs, 10(2). Collins, D. (3 December 2002). China's Internet Censorship, CBS. Esarey, A. (2005), "Cornering the Market: State Strategies for Controlling China's Commercial Media." Asian Perspective, 29(2). Guan, S. (1995). Intercultural communication (in Chinese). Beijing: Beijing University Press. Yuezhi, Z. (1998), Media, Market, and Democracy in China. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

FACTORS AFFECTING VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FACTORS AFFECTING VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY - Essay Example The result of this study will be valuable to the government in developing polices that apply to vehicle manufacturers and which will be effective in promoting vehicle fuel economy. Different factors that relate to vehicles have a significant impact on fuel economy. Therefore, identifying the most significant of such vehicle factors might help in future designing of vehicles to ensure that they have high gas mileage, thus promoting fuel economy. This way, there will be a reduction in the level of fuel consumption as well as pollution from gas emissions by vehicles. There are different studies have shown that there are different factors that affect fuel economy. These are categorised into three groups including vehicle factors such as cruise control, infrastructure factors such as condition of roads and road user factors such as training of driver (Haworth & Symmons, 2001). This research will however, focus only on vehicle factors, from which the variables are drawn. These include weight, engine size, seating capacity, size of the vehicle (e.g. compact, sub-compact, SUV), vehicle model and speed. The research will control for the variables of weather, price of fuel, driver and road condition. This is because the study is interested in vehicle factors only, thus the other variables must be kept constant, as they might affect the overall results if not controlled for. Due to unavailability of ready data on fuel economy, the researcher will collect primary data from the field. This will provide data on fuel economy (MPG), model of vehicle, weight of vehicle, engine of vehicle, seating capacity of vehicle, size of vehicle, speed, size of engine, road condition, fuel price, and driver training. Because of time constraints and resource limitation on the side of the researcher, the sample size will be 200. The researcher will be sure to include vehicles of different

Safety in Aircraft Maintenance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Safety in Aircraft Maintenance - Term Paper Example Because of the huge size of an aircraft and the various electronic, electrical and mechanical hazards associated with different parts of a plane, it becomes a norm to take preventive measures for the safety assurance of ground personnel’s. Safety needs to be addressed in many aspects of aircraft maintenance including aircraft engines, fuel systems, electrical wirings, Non destructive testing and assembly of parts. The preventive measures that need to be taken have also been highlighted. Everyday millions of passengers fly by air to reach their desired destinations. Air flight has become the fastest, convenient source of transportation and perhaps safer in some respects as compared to other modes. Together with the safety of passengers flying on an aircraft, the aviation industry is also concerned with the safety of those associated with the maintenance of aircrafts. Maintenance of aircrafts requires a lot of effort, together with appropriate measures of safety in handling high pressures, electronic equipments and surveying the engines. These tasks require large numbers of skilled engineers and technicians (Xavier, 2005). Apart from maintenance of frameworks and body, other maintenance safety precautions need to be taken while performing checks for leaks, structural damages and internal electrical systems (BTEC National) Maintenance of an aircraft is essential to ensure that the aircraft flies with the standards set for it and that no anomaly occurs in between its flight. Aircraft maintenance demands high technology and numerous people like mechanics, engineers and experts to ensure safety and efficiency of the plane. Aircraft maintenance safety is directed by some set standards and precautions which need to be taken by workers maintaining the plane. A â€Å"safety management system† established by the â€Å"International Civil Aviation Organization† works on this very aspect of safety in aircraft maintenance (Herrera, I.A & Hovde.

A Brief Analysis of the Development of English as a Global Language Essay

A Brief Analysis of the Development of English as a Global Language - Essay Example As the report declares social change will contribute to change in status of a language, as Gerry Knowles implies in a study of the history of language. This paper stresses that medium can become the official language of a country when it is adopted as the mother tongue and used by â€Å"such domains as government, the law courts, media, and the educational system. English did not achieve global status by way of one or two variables: several factors contributed to the process and arrival, factors which are part of a slowly evolving phenomenon that parallels the social changes experienced by numerous cultures over many eras. The culture of nationalism and the revolutions lead to worldwide expansion, as does the Industrial Revolution: electricity, roads, railroads, and airways introduce and facilitate transportation, commerce, migration. The farmer, no longer isolated in rural domains, picks up the local dialect or brings his own to the towns. Tradesmen, needing a common medium, trade words. With the printing press, administrations, and the London-based dialect passing to greater reaches, the shifts and adaptations make English both l ocalized and â€Å"normalised†. With education, standardised English is formalised. With film, television, and satellite technology, a trend is clearly toward the globalised. And with language change facilitated by the development of new technology that leads to improved communications.

A French Joint Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A French Joint Venture - Essay Example well, French construction materials company restructured the loss-making state-owned Huaibei Mining Company (HMC) by entering into the joint venture in 1994 and turned the company as profit making company in 1999 by implementing various structural reforms in labor, production, technology, and marketing.(Goodall 103). Entering into joint venture will help to acquire innovative know-how and skills. When China opened its market in 1978, it has become most attractive land for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the whole globe. It is to be observed that three-fourths of FDI attracted by China took the shape of Joint ventures (JV’s). JV offers distinct advantages like reduction in costs. A foreign JV partner may offer capital by way of cash, technology, machinery, know-how whereas the Chinese partner may offer factory land, building, skilled workers, and machinery. Collaborating a joint venture with the state-owned enterprises (SOE’s) in China frequently has raised issues for foreign companies as SOE’s are the distinct form of business entity with a diverse cultural setting. There is less freedom for foreign investors in JV’s as foreign partners have to operate in co-operation with the local SOE’s. By opening the doors for foreign investors, China is transforming to market economy from the centrally planned economy or government controlled economy. Earlier in the joint venture, the HMC Management had failed to keep its promise of granting financial rewards for good performance by employees. As the result, employees lost their faith in the management. HMC HR function was found to be disassociated from business goals and acted only as policemen or administrative function. (Goodall 105). As such, in JV, Lafarge encountered higher extent of complexity due to socio-economic, cultural, political and institutional divergence involved.

ExperienceBased Theory Critique Social Science Essay

ExperienceBased Theory Critique Social Science - Essay Example The occurrence of the above mentioned criminal mindset and how the same gets nurtured in an individual right from the its formative age could be explained through Gordon Allport's theory of "The formation of In Groups". The crime and its implications has to be made understood to each and every citizen of the nation right from the stage he or she starts getting the feel of the society and things that have been associated with it. The most important philosophy around which the whole act of crime and crime prevention hovers is that this crime is very much a manmade enigma and the perpetrators or the criminals are not born, they are developed in this society and later become a bane to the same society from where it has been developed. In other words it can be understood that crime is very much a human act and if we take out the civilization clause from the dictionary of human society and make it equivalent to the savagery, this crime is not exactly something which can be termed inhumane. It's something present in very nature of humans and they technically possess every characteristic of an animal. It is a threat that is comparable to anything that has been faced by the society in past but is actually a very intelligent form of threat that waits for the opportunity to transform its ability into an act of crime under the influence of desire. Hence this phenomenon of crime is basically an action which involves at least two human beings with one being the perpetrator and the other one is the victim. Crime prevention is another part of the solution that has to tackle the social complexity of crime. Though the legal procedures and enforcement agencies are very much present to redress the problem, they have miserably failed to provide something which will have some long term impact. They actually provide security either through prosecution or through prevention. Prosecution leads to arrest and a whole lot of legal procedures including the judgment and imprisonment. Prevention deals with stopping a criminal from committing something heinous. The option of committing a crime is to be closed. Hence the target issue is the creation the hindrance for a criminal through wide spread precautionary measures being implemented through every single home to any of the working place or public place present in the locality. The important point is to shield oneself from being a victim. The crime and its different techniques have to be made understood to each and every person. Right from the begin ning i.e., during childhood, one should be made aware of the prevention procedures and the importance of it has to be made a part of the complete thought process. But still after this much precaution the outcome of these procedures has been found to be very much limited and the crime rate is on its way to rise and rise. The most important thing is to act against the cause that make a criminal rather than reducing the opportunities for him to commit some crime. We have to realize that this criminal has been developed from this society only and the problem is in the social pattern and due to these patterns we have to face certain people who have got out of the normal way of social life and are acting against the group of which it is a very important part. So the

Discrimnation in medical care based on color and race Research Paper

Discrimnation in medical care based on color and race - Research Paper Example The first focuses on potential lack of general applicability of findings based on unrepresentative data gathered from race-biased samples, a concern which gains most of its force from implicitly or explicitly biological understandings of race. Of more concern to professionals who do not share that view, are the implications of racial disparity in clinical trials for the health of African-American patients (Mwaria, King); that Black patients are less likely to participate in research protocols makes them less likely to be among those first receiving the most advanced forms of medical intervention, and may contribute to general health inequality. In the 1990’s clinicians and researchers, backed by the Centers for Disease Control (Trubo 1994), The National Institutes of Health (NIH 1994) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 1997), began to hunt for the â€Å"barriers† to African-American participation in clinical trials. Research concluded that the problem is complex and that patient beliefs, racist bias on the part of physicians and institutional and community constraints all play a role (King, Mwaria, Shavers-Hornaday, 1997). Despite the apparent complexity of the issue, much of this discussion centers primarily on African-American â€Å"distrust† of doctors and the healthcare system in general and clinical trials in particular(Corbie-Smith 1999, Dula, Friemuth 2001, Gamble, Shavers-Hornaday, , Thomas 1999, ), while a substantial number of papers argued that widespread credulity toward â€Å"conspiracy theories† among Black patients is a key component of their distrust and thus of their unwillingness to undergo experimental treatments. (Corbie-Smith , Friemuth, Simmons and Parsons, 1999, Thomas) Among the most outlandish—and well-analyzed—medical â€Å"conspiracy theories† are those concerning HIV/AIDS. Researchers have

ExperienceBased Theory Critique Social Science Essay

ExperienceBased Theory Critique Social Science - Essay Example The occurrence of the above mentioned criminal mindset and how the same gets nurtured in an individual right from the its formative age could be explained through Gordon Allport's theory of "The formation of In Groups". The crime and its implications has to be made understood to each and every citizen of the nation right from the stage he or she starts getting the feel of the society and things that have been associated with it. The most important philosophy around which the whole act of crime and crime prevention hovers is that this crime is very much a manmade enigma and the perpetrators or the criminals are not born, they are developed in this society and later become a bane to the same society from where it has been developed. In other words it can be understood that crime is very much a human act and if we take out the civilization clause from the dictionary of human society and make it equivalent to the savagery, this crime is not exactly something which can be termed inhumane. It's something present in very nature of humans and they technically possess every characteristic of an animal. It is a threat that is comparable to anything that has been faced by the society in past but is actually a very intelligent form of threat that waits for the opportunity to transform its ability into an act of crime under the influence of desire. Hence this phenomenon of crime is basically an action which involves at least two human beings with one being the perpetrator and the other one is the victim. Crime prevention is another part of the solution that has to tackle the social complexity of crime. Though the legal procedures and enforcement agencies are very much present to redress the problem, they have miserably failed to provide something which will have some long term impact. They actually provide security either through prosecution or through prevention. Prosecution leads to arrest and a whole lot of legal procedures including the judgment and imprisonment. Prevention deals with stopping a criminal from committing something heinous. The option of committing a crime is to be closed. Hence the target issue is the creation the hindrance for a criminal through wide spread precautionary measures being implemented through every single home to any of the working place or public place present in the locality. The important point is to shield oneself from being a victim. The crime and its different techniques have to be made understood to each and every person. Right from the begin ning i.e., during childhood, one should be made aware of the prevention procedures and the importance of it has to be made a part of the complete thought process. But still after this much precaution the outcome of these procedures has been found to be very much limited and the crime rate is on its way to rise and rise. The most important thing is to act against the cause that make a criminal rather than reducing the opportunities for him to commit some crime. We have to realize that this criminal has been developed from this society only and the problem is in the social pattern and due to these patterns we have to face certain people who have got out of the normal way of social life and are acting against the group of which it is a very important part. So the

Corporate social responsibility provides greater benefits to the Essay

Corporate social responsibility provides greater benefits to the organisation than it does to society and other stakeholders - Essay Example Banerjee approach on social responsibility can be viewed on how he has approach the concept in trying to give some of the advantages and disadvantages. Historically the social helped in development of corporation and allows devolution of power from the central government to the local citizens and help in improving the economy both politically and economically. In USA social responsibility has helped in revolution of legal structures and effective government policies to deal with social responsibility however critics have stated that social responsibility should be volunteerilism not by ensuring they are incorporated in the law and must act in the interest of the society as well (Banerjee, 2008). Corporate social responsibility is self regulating by ensuring that one complies with the community needs as does is best to better the society he or she is operating his business. A business activity should be for the general good of the employees, owners, consumers and society.CRS creates c ustomer loyalty to a brand of product hence business is able to beat competition in the market; it also leads to employment opportunities in the society. Businesses with volunteerism work records have advantage in acquiring license to operate in different areas without restriction and high taxations. Supply contracts have being awarded to those companies that have clean records of contributing to the wellbeing of the community.CRS strategies should be aimed at building capacity that will help in reduction of poverty levels in a region , promote giving that increases security and human , property rights according to international standards, reduce corruption and bribery and increase accountability and transparency. Friedman’s social responsibility model can be divided into two the business and to the beneficiaries. Where the business has obligation to respect what the shareholders aim to achieve, keep costs low, ensure they comply with the state laws and also follow the ethica l customs in the area of operation, ensure they give room for free and open market competition and not to be involved in unlawful transactions. The community also has a role to play by providing labor force, creating good working condition for the business and also be actively involved in social activities (Cosans, 2011). Arguments for social responsibility According to Buchholtz corporate social responsibility should include; production of goods and services, solving social problems, simple market transactions. Milton Friedman focused on the idea that social responsibility of business is to increase its profit. The use of available resources and should increase profit, in free and fair competition .arguments in support for social responsibility is that managers have to ensure they increase the shareholders wealth should be increased. Policy making should be left to be decided by the state, giving is encouraged and engaging in social responsibility by owners of firms. Firms should a ct in a free and accountable ways to ensure it does not affects the society breaking the law and protect the environment. Act in a way not to affect objectives of the firm and consider interest of others. Arguments against Milton Friedman is that although he argued a firm should make as much as possible he does not limit this to existing laws of production ,exploitation and property right. (Schwartz & Saiia) Strategic

Knowledge of Causative Agent of Tuberculosis Among Patients

Knowledge of Causative Agent of Tuberculosis Among Patients Knowledge of causative agent of Tuberculosis among TB patients in Jaipur district (Rajasthan). Dr Shobha Tomar, Resident Community, Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur. Dr Dharmendra Mandarwal, Assistant Professor, Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur Dr Brajesh kumar chahar, Assistant Professor(statistics), Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur Dr. Sumit Ahluwalia, Demonstrator, Community Medicine,NIMS Medical College , Jaipur ABSTRACT :Background: Tuberculosis is known since ages and its causative agent was discovered eight to nine decades ago and still misconception is present regarding its cause in india. India is facing TB epidemic at present. Objectives: to assess the knowledge of TB patients regarding causative agent of the disease. Results: Total 300 TB patients participated in the study, 75% were male and 25% were female, 60% were married and 25% were unmarried 15% were widow or widower, 77% were hindu and 22% were muslim,49% were literate and 51%were illetrate, 59% patients belonged to social class 4. 56% of patients knew the causative organism, 72% of the female don’t know the causative agent. 71% to 73% literate patients knew about the causative agent. Evil eye(56%), past sins(52%) were main myths as cause of TB. Lower socio economic class had more myths about the causative agent (23% in class 4) (58% in class 5). Conclusion: In poor country like india emphasis must be paid regarding awar eness of tuberculosis among poor and low socioeconomic group people and patient. KEYWORDS : Tuberculosis, knowledge, myth. Introduction: Tuberculosis kills more people in economically productive age group greater than any other infectious disease worldwide. Tuberculosis alone kills more people than malaria and AIDS combined. Women death due to maternal mortality lies second to tuberculosis, such is the magnitude of problem worldwide. Tuberculosis is turning out to be greatest epidemic of this century, so great is the concern about tuberculosis epidemic. The problem of tuberculosis is acute in developing countries which accounts for three fourth of cases in the world. The impact of tuberculosis is greatest on poor 99.00% of deaths and 95.00% of all cases occurring in developing and poor countries. The majority of people affected by tuberculosis are in economically active age group. Tuberculosis and poverty go hand in hand people who are poor get tuberculosis and people who get tuberculosis becomes poor1. In developing countries still lot number of tuberculosis patients goes undiagnosed. There has been over all increase in absolute number of tuberculosis cases during last 30 years because of population explosion during this period2. Tuberculosis is the oldest known disease to mankind and is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The causative organism was discovered long back but myths regarding cause of tuberculosis is still prevalent not only in general population but also among the TB patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The present study aims to study knowledge of TB cases regarding causative agent of tuberculosis and myths related to its causation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Period of study: Survey was conducted from 1st January 2013 to 30th Dec, 2013 for a period of 1 year. Sampling units: Study was conducted on the tuberculosis patients of the Jaipur treatment unit at DTC and at 20 DOTS enters: Area of study: The present study was conducted as District tuberculosis centre and randomly selected DOT centres of Jaipur treatment unit. Patients attending DTC and DOT’s centre to which they belonged to. Sampling Technique: During the period of study a total of 173 TB patients were registered for treatment at District TB centre Jaipur of which 167 were included in the study while 6 refused to participate in the study. Tuberculosis unit – Jaipur at the time of study had 415 DOT’s providers of which 5% i.e. every 20th DOT’s provider was include for study by using systemic random sampling technique i.e. choosing every 20th DOT’s provider from the available list. Thus this figure came to be 20 DOT’s provider out of 415. During the period of study 133 TB patients were taking treatment from these 20 DOTS provider and these 133 patients were taken up for the study. Thus the total sample size came to be 167+133 = 300 (167 form DTC and 133 from DOTs provider). Technique used: The study was conducted by taking interview of TB patients attending DTC and DOT’s centre. Data were collected in pre designed and pre tested proforma. All the details of TB patients, which included socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patient such as age, sex, marital status, religion, education, occupation, socio-economic condition etc. Clinical profile consisted of symptoms of tuberculosis, past history, family history, diet, bowel habits BCG vaccination etc. Environmental factors such as type of housing was also taken in account. Revised B G Prasad classification was used to determine the social class of the tuberculosis patient in the present study. Knowledge of the causative agent of tuberculosis patients regarding their disease and myths regarding causation was studied in pre tested proforma. OBSERVATIONS Socio-demographic characteristics of TB patients Table shows 75% of TB patients are male and 25% female. Most of the cases are in age group 15-39yr i.e. 63.9%. Married constitutes about 60% of the cases and among illiterate 48.67%. TB is more common among labourers. Table: 2 Observation showing cases distribution according to social class area of residence Above table indicates that 258(86%) patients belong to urban and urban slum in this study Table: 3 Distribution of cases according to the knowledge of causative organism à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 28.72 df = 1 p Table shows that 55.67% had knowledge about causative organism. 64.89% of males and 28.00% of females had knowledge about causative organism. 44.33% cases had no knowledge about causative organism 72.00% female and 35.11% males had no knowledge about causative organism. The difference was statistically significant. Table: 4 Correlation between awareness about TB causative organisms and literacy à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 16.41 df = 4 p Observation in this table shows that 73.91% and 71.42% of TB cases with literacy status of sr. secondary and graduate respectively knew about causative agent. 34.72 and 59.61% of cases who were primary and secondary educated knew about causative organism. Knowledge about causative organism among illiterate was found to be 56.84%. The difference was statistically significant. . Distribution of TB cases as per literacy status Table: 5 Observation showing myths among tuberculosis cases Table shows that 56.66% of the respondents ststed evil eye, 52.00% of the respondents considered past sins as the cause of tuberculosis. Respondents gave multiple response regarding myths about tuberculosis cause. Table: 6 Observation showing myth about disease in relation to social class à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £2 = 7.56 df = 4 p > 0.05 Observation in this table shows that 53.67% cases had myth about disease as the social class rose the percentage of cases with myth declined. It was 8.75% in social class II. While it was 23.35% and 58.08% in social class IV and V. The difference was statistically non significant. DISCUSSION Present study is an attempt to explore various socio-demographic factors and knowledge of TB patients regarding the causative agent of the disease, factors like personal habits were not taken. Study was carried out in 300 patients of tuberculosis attending DTC and DOTS provider. Age break-up of 300 patients revealed that maximum number of them i.e.36.60% belonged to age-group of 15-29 yrs followed by 27.30%in the age group of 30-39yrs. The observation suggest that about 2/3rd of the patients belonged to active age group for earning and productivity Shrivastav et al (1977)7 and Arya VR (2000)6 also found majority of patients below 40yrs. Mohamed et al (2007)15 in his study found 60.8% of respondents belonged to age group 20-39 years. 75.00% of the patients were male and 25.00%female. Male, female ratio being 3:1. Gopi et al (1978)10 also found prevalence of tuberculosis three times higher in males than in female. Chaterjee et al (2000)5 also found about three quarter of patients being male and one quarter being female. ICMR (1959)3 also found Male- female ratio of tuberculosis patients to be 3:1. Of the total 300 patients one third i.e. 33.34% were from urban area and more than half (52.60%) were from urban slums. 14.00% of the patients were from rural areas. Chaddha et al (1977)8 and Srivastav et al (1977)7 also found maximum patients belonging to urban slums (47.70% and 44.00% respectively). 77.00% of the patient were Hindus 22.33% Muslim. Shah M J (1993)9 found tuberculosis to be 70.40% Hindus and 26.00% Muslim Gopi et al (1997)4 and Laring R D (1995)8 found higher number of Muslim patient i.e. 32.80% and 35.60% respectively. Observation from literacy status of tuberculosis cases indicate that about half 48.60% were illiterate another 24.00% were literate upto primary level. Only 27.33% of patients were literate upto secondary level or above. Chaddha et al (2000)8, Gopi et al (1997)4 and Shah M J (1993)9 also found that maximum numbers of patients to be illiterates (39.00%, 58.60% and 58.30% respectively). Damor D, Singh MP (2012) 16 in their study found that 31.9% of the respondents were illiterate. Only two third of patients i.e 65.67% knew about the causative organism. No correlation between awareness of causative agent and literacy status was found . In study by Ali et al (2003)13, 78.00 % of patients knew about causative organism while Rajeshwari et al (1995)12 found that 86.00 % of cases were aware about causative organism. Dubey et al (2000)11 noted 95.00% of tuberculosis cases being aware of causative agent. Damor D, Singh MPS (2012) 16 in their study found only 6.9% of the cases knew the cause of disease. Ali Khan Khwaja (2010) 17 in his study found that 39% of the cases knew germ as the cause of disease. Various myths related to T B prevalent in tuberculosis patients were ; Punishment from God (40.66%) , Curse (42.33%) , Past sins (52.00%) , Evil eye (55.66%) , Ghost intrusion (31.00%). The myth were prevalent more frequently in lower social class cases then upper class. Javed Ahmed khan (2006) 14 also found that 50% of the respondents had myths regarding the cause of tuberculosis. Observation on correlation between knowledge of duration of treatment and literacy status reveal a positive correlation i.e higher the literacy higher the knowledge .It was 42.20% in illiterate while it was 85.71% in graduate. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 63.90% ie.2/3 rd of the patients belonged to active age-group i.e. 15-39 yrs. Which is age for earning and productivity. 75.00% of patients were male and 25.00% were female. Male female ratio being 3:1 1/3rd of patients belonged to urban area. More than half (52.60%) from urban slums and 14.00% of rural areas. About 60.00% of patients were married and 40.00% were either unmarried, widow and widower. 77.00% of patients were Hindu, 22.33% were Muslims and rest belong to other religion. Maximum number of patients were laborers (40.00%) followed by self employed (23.67%), 18.67% were housewives. Literacy status of sample was 51.40% 2/3 rd of the patients belonged to nuclear family Majority of the patients ie. 78.00% were from lower socio economic classes. Only 2/3rd of the patients i.e. 65.67% knew about the causative organism and literacy status was found. Myths regarding causation of TB were widely prevalent especially in lower class than upper class which were; punishment from God (40.66%), curse (42.33%), past sins (52.00%), evil eye (55.66%) and ghost intrusion (31.00%) indicating the need of creating awareness in patients in particular and community in general. BIBLIOGRAPHY World TB report WHO – 1998 Ian Smith (1999) Stop TB-is DOTS the Answer ? Indian Journal Tuberculosis, April –1999, Vol:46, p 81. Godhi et. al. (1979). Prevalence of Tuberculosis in a South Indian District Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 1979 p.26, 121. Chatterjee et. al. (2000). Multicentre study on TB cases. 55th TB Chest disease conference Kolkata. P100. Khatri G.R. (1999). RNTCP – Status report on first 1,00,000 patients. NTL Bulletin Vol. 35/ 1-4. 1999. p 18-26. Khatri G.R. (2000) Forum. Ind. J. Of Tuberculosis. Vol. – 47. p-117. Chaddha et. al. (2000). Treatment outcome of TB patients placed under DOTS- A cohort study. Ind. J. of TB Vol. – 47 (2000). P-155,158. Laring R.D. (1995). Prevalence of TB in age group 5-14 yr and 45+ among Tribal community. Calcutta University P-45. Nagpal D.R. Tuberculosis epidemic in India – editorial. Ind. J. tuberculosis Vol. 46-1999. P-79-80. Mishra P. (1990). A study of evaluation of NTP in Ahmedabad District. Study report of supervised field training MD PSM Gujarat University. Pavo Tanni – Medical Social aspects of chi TB in Finland. Scand J. of Respiratory disease 1970, 73 (supp) P 93-105. Bansal AK. – Assessment of Tribal and Non Tribal community regarding need for TB education. International Journal of Lund disease (1994) Vol. 3 p 782. San Sebestian And Bothanley. Tuberculosis preventive therapy; perspective form a multi ethinic community. Respiratory medicine 2000 (94). P 648-653. Javed Ahmed Khan et al knowledge. Attittude and misconceptions regarding TB in Pakistani patients. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association May 2006,Vol. 2(1). Mohamed A I et al. Knowledge of TB –A survey among TB Patients in Omdurman Sudan. Sudanese journal of public health January 2007:Vol2(1). Damor D, Singh DMP. Assessment of knowledge about TB among newly diagnosed patients registered in DTC Bhavnagar ,Gujrat. NJIRM (2012) 3(3):90-94. Ali Khan Khwaja. Knowledge about TB among patients attending clinic in karanchi(2010) www. /uhms,edu.pk/jlumhc/Vol 04 No.02

College Sports - Universities Must Compensate Student Athletes :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Colleges and Universities Must Compensate Student Athletes Today, sports are no longer fun and games, sports are a business, and college sports are no different. College sports provide a huge source of universities’ income. The school takes in money from ticket sales, television contracts, and sport-related merchandise, just to name a few. The athletes, however, receive their scholarship and little more. While the prospect of receiving a free college education is something few would complain about, when the issue is more closely examined it becomes evident that it is not enough. The universities are exploiting athletes, and recently the problems that this creates have become more prominent. More and more athletes are now leaving school early to enter the professional leagues and make money. There have also been more reports of violations surrounding university boosters and alumni paying players. Furthermore, athletes have been accused of making deals with gamblers and altering the outcome of games. All of these problems could be minim ized, if not completely eliminated, by adopting a program for compensating student athletes. College athletes are exploited by their schools, which make millions of dollars off of them. This leads to violations, students leaving college early, and student-athletes that cannot even afford to do their laundry. The NCAA and professional leagues can work together to institute a plan to compensate these athletes and remedy all these problems. Student athletes need money just like any other college students, and many of them need it even more. According to Steve Wulf, many college athletes come from disadvantaged backgrounds (94). This means that while the free tuition is nice, they are still going to need money for other expenses that every college student faces. The NCAA finally realized this recently and decided to allow athletes to have a job earning up to $2000 during the school year (Greenlee 63). This, while well intended, is an impossibility for many, if not the majority of college athletes. As Greenlee states, "The hours athletes would spend working at a job are already spoken for" (63). The sport they play is their job; it takes up as much time (likely more) as the normal student’s job at the cafeteria or student center, yet they do not get paid. The schools have to make up for this by finding some way to compensate these athletes. The main reason behind not giving college athletes some form of compensation is that college athletes must be amateurs and if they are paid they will lose their status as amateurs.

About Hajj :: Papers

About Hajj A Muslim is obliged once in their lifetime ,by their religion along with their own will, to take a pilgrimage to Makkah in Saudi Arabia. This pilgrimage is called Hajj and is an amazing journey that is done for a definite purpose. It is part of the Five Pillars of Islam that is the basis of the entire religion making it obligatory. Through completing Hajj, a Muslim can begin to feel closer to Allah (Islam's God) and experience inner fulfilment. Hajj must be done for the right reasons, "it is for the glory of Allah not for the glory of the person making the journey." Hajj literally means 'to set out for a place', it's a journey with rites and rituals along the way. The Qu'ran calls Muslims to 'complete the Hajj or Umrah in the service of Allah'. For generations, the journey a Muslim takes has always started in Makkah. This place is sacred because in 10AH, 632 CE, Muslim's believe that Muhammad (pbuh)- Islam's most famous prophet - performed Hajj with 1400 of his followers because Allah instructed him to. He also lived and preached in Makkah during his lifetime. Since Muhammad's pilgrimage, Makkah has been sacred to all Muslim's. They want to follow in the footsteps of Muhammad and the prophets Adam, Ibrahim and Isma'il as they believe that Allah is there to guide them through life just as he guided the prophets. Makkah is classed as Holy Ground and people go there to change their life as they wash away their sins. They believe that Hajj and Makkah makes them a better person. Hajj must take place at certain times because of its historic roots. It is to be taken place between 8 and 13 Dhu'l Hijjah, the twelfth month of the lunar calendar. If a Muslim journeys at another time, it's known as 'Umrah' (a lesser pilgrimage that can be taken at any time). The significance of this journey isn't as great as Hajj and the journey isn't counted as a completion of the fifth pillar.

Factors Which Influence Learning Relationships And Communication Education Essay

In this essay I will explicate and discourse how motive is one of the most of import factors that influence acquisition, relationships and communicating in the schoolroom. The duty for making a positive acquisition ambiance lies about wholly with the instructor and motivated pupils make this procedure a batch easier. Motivation besides plays a critical function in developing relationships in the schoolroom, both instructor and pupil motive. I will besides discourse in greater item later of the importance of affecting the parent or carer in constructing these relationships and how this enhances these relationships. The ability of the instructor to pass on both verbally and nonverbally with their pupils is enormously of import and is the basis on which effectual acquisition is built. Motivation once more is a enormously important factor in this communicating procedure, as a motivated instructor communicates good with their pupils and a motivated instructor leads to the development of m otivated pupils. A positive acquisition environment is one of the most basic demands in order for meaningful acquisition to happen in a schoolroom ( Kyriacou, 2009 ) . A positive acquisition atmosphere is one where the pupils are comfy, hold assurance in their instructor, and experience a sense of trust and regard for one another. In order to heighten learning lessons must be organised and the instructor must be after for the usage learning methods that encourage pupils to go actively involved in larning. This can be done by besides changing the course of study and happening out what our pupils involvements are, giving them motive to larn. Teachers need to dispute themselves to utilize different learning methods to excite pleasance in acquisition and accordingly tackle ennui. The debut of new educational attacks such as undertakings and fact-finding work will let clip for students to describe back on what they learnt and back up this procedure. A survey by Kaplan et Al. ( 2002 ) found that the degree of riotous behavior by students tended to be higher in those schoolrooms where the students felt that the presentation of ability and making better than others was the dominant value compared with schoolrooms where the students felt that the dominant values were larning, understanding and bettering one ‘s ain public presentation. Kyriacou ( 2007 ) suggests the instructor needs to be relaxed, warm, lovingness, enthusiastic, patient, and supportive and possess a sense of wit. To make this ambiance, the instructor must prosecute the pupils every bit shortly as the category commences. The schoolroom clime established by the instructor can hold a major impact on students ‘ motive degrees and attitudes towards larning. Remind pupils at the start of every lesson that the type of attitude they bring into the schoolroom will hold a immense influence on the acquisition that takes topographic point during that category ( Cullinford, 2003 ) . Motivation plays a immense function in making this positive acquisition atmosphere. Harmonizing to Erickson ( 1978 ) the bulk of pupils respond positively to a well-organized class taught by a motivated and actuating instructor that has a caring echt involvement in what they learn. Erickson ( 1978 ) further suggests whatever degree of motive your pupils bring to the schoolroom will act upon the degree of larning. As instructors we need to inquire ourselves the inquiry are our pupils motivated to larn, or are they merely encaged in acquisition and what have we done as instructors to lend to this? Cluck and Hess ( 2003 ) explains that in order to assist and actuate scholars we need to assist them develop their ain acquisition schemes. We can make this by learning them to how to utilize their ain acquisition manners, implementing concerted acquisition, promote student to take how they learn, and usage techniques informed by multiple intelligences. When this is done students showed incre ased motive in category work, improved assignment completion, category engagement, and battle in larning. Therefore, Cluck and Hess ( 2003 ) experience these instruction schemes are positive in bettering the pupil ‘s attitudes towards larning. They besides suggest that the usage of extrinsic wagess such as ends, classs, appraisal and touchable wagess would be less productive in developing motive. Constructing relationships has womb-to-tomb permanent effects for the pupils and will actuate them to go involved in their acquisition. If we can construct good relationships with our pupils it will besides assist them to construct good relationships outside of school and when they leave school. There are a figure of things that are really of import when we are seeking to construct relationships with our students, such as naming the students by their first name, attempt and happen out what common involvement you hold and make it your concern before each category to hold a friendly conversation on the subject. Harmonizing to Regan Morrissey ( 2012 ) how the pedagogue creates a positive acquisition atmosphere is of critical importance in constructing relationships and encouraging pupils. Something that contributes to this is the instructors ‘ mode, their verbal and gestural communicating and how they move around the schoolroom. Making a positive schoolroom clime shows how much at tempt you as a instructor feel is worthwhile seting into the lesson. A instructor needs to experience relaxed and confident in their ain ability to bring forth a echt involvement in the lesson. Parents are important to constructing relationships with pupils and one time these relationships are formed we need to be able to keep them and utilize them to our advantage. We should utilize parent/teacher meetings to derive cognition of our pupils ‘ parent and as PE instructors, the parents involvements particularly in the clean universe. This can supply a foundation we can utilize to lure these parents to go involved in extracurricular activities. Kyricau ( 2007 ) explains the importance of the function of parents and carers and the demand for instructors to be able to pass on efficaciously with parents and carers and to recognize and esteem the function that parents and carers can do to the development of students ‘ wellbeing and to raising students ‘ degrees of attainm ent. Keeping relationships with the parents besides has a monolithic knock on consequence to their siblings as it establishes a relationship for those who may be come ining the school in future ( Duck and Pittman, 1994 ) . Communication harmonizing to Tubbs et Al ( 2011 ) ) is loosely defined as the â€Å" sharing of experience ‘ with every bit much as 75 % of our full witting twenty-four hours being spent engaged in communicating. The communicating theoretical account developed by ibid ( 2011 ) suggests communicating is a sensitive country and messages between two people can easy be misunderstood as channels and elements of intervention can direct assorted messages. As communicating is such an of import portion of larning an indispensable ingredient to going a successful and competent instructor is to be an effectual communicator. Communication is closely associated with self-identity and Hattie & A ; Timperley ( 2007 ) believe it is one of the most powerful influences on acquisition and accomplishment. Teachers must be cognizant of their verbal and non-verbal methods of communicating with pupils in order to make an unfastened, productive and honest larning environment. Marzano ( 2007 ) believe s that communicating is the individual most critically of import issue a instructor has to see. A PE instructor demands to be cognizant of how to pass on both verbally and nonverbally in a high quality mode to maximise the acquisition of the pupils. Teachers need to larn how to utilize such things as oculus contact, facial looks, manus gestures and organic structure linguistic communication as tools for communicating in the schoolroom. The usage of oculus contact and facial looks reduces the sum of verbal communicating the instructor has to utilize in a category and is really utile in such a loud environment as the PE category. The usage manus signals can be adopted to relay positive encouragement to pupils who are making something good. An illustration of this is thumbs up or a bang to admit something that a pupil has done good. To pass on with pupils we need to be sensitive to their demand and listen critically to what they have to state, non believing of replies until the pupil has finished the inquiry. A instructor must be able to pass on to their pupils in order to assist them to go independent scholars develop their ability to turn and develop responsibly. I ‘m a house truster that pass oning encouragement, verbally and nonverbally to the pupils is the best signifier of motive. I am witting on my Monday arrangements of making a positive schoolroom clime by pass oning in this mode. I invariably scan the gym, everlastingly interacting, actuating the pupils, invariably praising and promoting but with entire honest and regard. Respect towards the pupils is everything and it is about guaranteed that any pupil instructor who respects their pupils will see the pupils develop a healthy degree of regard towards the instructor. Wragg and Wood ( 1984 ) suggest that surveies have proved how of import positive communicating is in the first few lessons with a new category. It is important to set uping a positive acquisition environment which has already been discussed as a cardinal factor in developing pupil motive. Listening harmonizing to Tubbs et Al ( 2011 ) is a complex procedure affecting hearing, attending, understanding, and retrieving. Gamble and Gamble ( 1994 ) further suggest that going a competent instructor means we must learn our pupils to listen saying that ‘Listening is more than a doctrine, it ‘s critical for our hereafter ‘ . To go an effectual instructor we must develop and expose strong listening accomplishments to portray to our students the importance we place on the procedure. Listening can be something we take for granted, nevertheless listening is an intricate accomplishment and requires developing. We in the instruction profession must promote and supply chances for pupils to pattern listening activities and pass more clip on this of all time of import communicating accomplishment. A motivated instructor enhances the listening accomplishments of their pupils and allows pupils the clip and chance to develop these listening accomplishments. The inquiry ne eds to be addressed why we frequently hear of hapless hearing as a job. The primary grounds are a deficiency of motive and the appropriate hearing accomplishments ( Tubbs et al 2011 ) , who province that of the four communicating accomplishments reading authorship, speech production, and hearing, hearing has received the least attending from pedagogues. To go a constituent, caring instructor I must get first-class listening accomplishments. From the readings and from my life experiences I am able to associate to my ain personal hearing accomplishments particularly on the Monday arrangements. I must pay attending to what the pupils are stating and non to concentrate on holding an reply before listening to the remainder of the inquiry. I must halt replying the inquiries if the pupils do n't cognize the reply, and take clip to listen expose some aerophilic hearing and think of CARE, ( Concentrate Acknowledge, Respect and Empathize ) . We as instructors must maintain inquiring inquiries to our pupils, and when they speak out, give them the regard to supply your 100 % attending. In order to heighten our listening accomplishments we as pupil instructors are in favourable place on our Monday arrangement to pattern concentrating on the message transmitter and forbearing from giving an sentiment excessively rapidly. I must esteem that listen ing is a complex procedure and has to be trained and practiced similar to any accomplishment. I need be patient with the larning procedure to enable me to go through on the accomplishment of the ability to listen to my pupils. Aristotle one time said that ‘we have two ears and but one lingua so that we may listen more than we speak ‘ . This is something that I will ever seek to retrieve in my function as a instructor.